子どもの健康と環境センター
Center for Children's Health and the Environment (CCHE) ニューヨーク・タイムズ紙掲載広告の科学的裏づけ文書 意見広告 4 内分泌かく乱化学物質が動物と人間の生殖を脅かす Scientific Background Paper for the "Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Threaten Animal--and Human--Reproduction" NY TIMES ad 4 http://www.childenvironment.org/pdfs/NYT%20Ads/6-00077%20FINAL_Toxics_ContracptvNYT.pdf 訳:安間 武 (化学物質問題市民研究会) 掲載日:2003年11月15日 このページへのリンク http://www.ne.jp/asahi/kagaku/pico/kodomo/cche/nyt_ad_4.html
内分泌かく乱化学物質が動物と人間の生殖を脅かす 1980年、フロリダのタワー・ケミカル社工場の事故で、殺虫剤ディフォコル(difocol)が多くのワニの生息地であるアポップカ湖に流出した。有毒な大量のディフォコルにより、この湖のワニの90%が直ぐに死んだ。 しかし、1980年代の後半、湖は公式には再びきれいになった。ディフォコルの濃度は非常に低くなったので、生物学者はもはや危険はないと信じた。 しかし、この湖のワニには、以前には決してなかった奇怪な生殖系の異常が見られるようになった。オスのワニの60%以上のペニスが奇形となり、メスを妊娠させることができなかった。 ワニの卵の孵化率は正常な卵の20%であった。そして赤ん坊ワニの死亡率は異常に高かった。湖の水は全くきれいであると信じられていた[1]。 唯ひとつ、そうではなかった。ディフォコルの濃度は極端に低かったが、ワニの生殖をつかさどる性ホルモンに影響を与えるのには十分であった。この殺虫剤は女性ホルモン、エストロゲンのように振る舞い、オスをメス化し、ワニの生殖系に異常をもたらした[2]。このような異常は、ディフォコル汚染が全くない近くのウッドワード湖では見られなかった。 それ以来、広く使用されている化学物質の数多くがエストロゲン模倣作用があり、様々な内分泌かく乱作用を起こすことが示された。 それらの化学物質は、他の多くの殺虫剤(2,4-D、 DDT、アトラジン、ディルドリン、ヘプタクロル、キーポン、リンデン、パーメトリン、等)、ある種の産業化学物質(ダイオキシン、フラン、ヘキサクロロベンゼン、PCBs、フタル酸化合物、等)、及び、いくつかの金属類(ヒ素、カドミウム、鉛、水銀、等)である[3]。 これらのエストロゲン模倣作用は内分泌(ホルモン)系に影響を与えるので、それらは、総称として、”内分泌かく乱物質”と呼ばれている。 多くの研究調査により、内分泌かく乱物質が野生生物と人間に著しい悪影響を与えることが示された。
「後悔するより安全を」(Better safe than sorry)。 我々は不確かさは残るものの、内分泌かく乱物質への曝露を制限するために果敢に行動を起こさなければならない十分な証拠がそろっていると信じている。 これらの化学物質はできるだけ早く廃止されるべきである。理想的には今すぐに。 もし、曝露がチェックされることなく続くなら、魚類、爬虫類、両生類、鳥類、そして人間を含む哺乳類は、聖書の最初の、そして最も基本的なみことば、 ”・・・生めよ増やせよ 地に満ちて 地をつかさどれ・・・”(訳注:旧約聖書 創世記 第1章) に従うことができなくなる。 科学的裏づけ文書 [1] Colborn, T. et al. Our Stolen Future (Plume, NY, 1997) p.6. [2] Raloff, J. Environmental Hormones: Threats to Health and Reproduction? Radio and Television News Directors Foundation, Washington, D.C. 1999. www.rtndf.org. [3] www.ourstolenfuture.org/Basics/chemlist.htm [4] Jobling, S. et al. "Inhibition of Testicular Growth in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Exposed to Estrogenic Alkyphenol Chemicals," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (1996) 15:194-202. Rhodes, J.E. et al. "Chronic Toxicity of 14 Phthalate Esters to Daphnia magna and Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry (1995) 14:1967-1976. [5] Jobling, S. et al. 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