History of icons and Byzantine Empire

イコンの発展とビザンティンの歴史
 
Cent.
Byzantine Empire
Russia
 Icons and Frescoes
IV
324 Foundation of Constantinople
330 Dedication of Constantinople コンスタンティノープルに遷都
364 Empire devided between brothers Valentinian (west) and Valens (east) ローマ帝国東西分裂 (395)
   
V
     
VI
     
VII
     
VIII
726 Leo III removes the image of Christ from the Chalke Gate and inaugurates the period of iconoclasm (the image was replaced after 787, removed in 814, and replaced again in 843) レオン3世、聖像崇拝禁止令
726- The 1st period of Iconoclasm1回目のイコノクラスム(聖像破壊運動)
754 Council of Hiereia convoked by Constantine V to define Iconoclasm as orthodox doctrine
787 The 7th Ecumenical Council (Nicaea II) decrees the necessity of image veneration 第2回ニカイヤ公会議、イレーネ(752−803)によって聖像認可
   
IX
815 The 2nd Iconoclast Council under Leo V
813(5)-843 The 2nd period of Iconoclasm2回目のイコノクラスム
843 Empress Theodora (and Michael III) restores veneration of images
882 Establishment of Kievan Russia  
X
  987(9) Conversion of Prince Vladimir of Kiev  
XI
     
XII
     
XIII

1204 Crusaders sack Constantinople, establishing Latin Empire 第4回十字軍、コンスタンチノープルを占領、ラテン帝国樹立

1261 ラテン帝国崩壊

1236(7) The Tatars invade Russia, "Tatar yoke" モンゴル軍のロシア侵入(タタールのくびき)
1240 Kiev falls to the Tatars
1299 Metropolitan See transferred from Kiev to Vladimir 府主教座はキエフからウラジミールへ
Beginnings of Novgorod and Vladimir-Suzdal schools
XIV
  1329 Metropolitan See transferred to Moscow 府主教座はウラジミールからモスクワへ
1348 Pskov wins its independence from Novgorod プスコフ、ノブゴロドより独立
1380 Battle of Kulikovo Pole クリコヴォの戦い
Beginnings of Moscow school
Theophanes the Greek
XV
1438-9 フェララ・フィレンツェ公会議

1453 Ottoman Turks under Mehmet II conquer Constantinople コンスタンチノープル陥落

1448 ロシア教会の独立(ローマ教会との合同の拒否)
1478 Novgorod succumbs to Moscow モスクワ公国、ノブゴロド併合
1480 Final breaking of the Tatar yoke タタールのくびきの終わり
1485 Tver succumbs to Moscow モスクワ公国、トヴェーリ併合
Andrei Rublev
Master Dionisi
XVI
  1510 Pskov succumbs to Moscow モスクワ公国、プスコフ併合
1547 Macarius, Metropolitan of Moscow, brings icon painters from Novgorod to Moscow
End of Novgorod school
XVII
    Godunov school, Stroganov school
Simon Ushakov
XVIII
     

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22 Oct 2000