バイデンにJCPOA復帰を求める専門家書簡
イランの通信社IRNA（ロンドン電）は1月8日、54人の国際関係論及び中東問題専門家が連名でバイデン次期大統領に宛てた、イラン核合意（JCPOA）への早期復帰を促す書簡（全文）を紹介しました。書簡では、6月に行われるイラン大統領選挙で強硬派が当選する場合には、"イランの核の脅威を外交的に取り除くことはさらに難しくなる"ことも挙げながら、外交チャンネルを復活させるために、バイデン政権発足第一日目に、「JCPOAからアメリカが脱退することに関するトランプ大統領の命令（国家安全保障政策メモランダム第11号）を取り消すこと、同時に、イランの新型コロナ・ウィルスに対する取り組みを妨害し、バイデン政権がイランと交渉する選択肢を制限している制裁を緩和すること」を提言しています。
書簡には、｢イラン人民はアメリカの制裁と自分たちの政府による弾圧によって圧迫されている｣、バイデン政権の対応が遅れれば「イランが交渉力を高めるためにさらに核計画を推進することになるだろう」など、イラン当局からすれば目障りな指摘も含まれています。しかし、IRNA通信としては、この書簡の上記主旨を好感するとともに、50人以上の各分野の専門家が連名でバイデンに書簡を送った事実を評価し、全文紹介を選択したのだと理解されます。
私がチェックしている限られた範囲ではこの連名書簡について紹介している記事はほかにないこともあり、以下に全文と署名者に関するIRNA通信の記事を紹介します。
Experts urge Biden swift return to Iran nuclear deal
London, Jan 8, IRNA -- A group of more than 50 international relations and Middle East experts have signed onto a letter urging President-elect Joe Biden to swiftly return to the 2015 nuclear deal with Iran.
The experts on Iran international relations and the non-proliferation of nuclear weapons voiced full support to the Biden administration's commitment to abandon Trump's failed policy toward Iran and his campaign of maximum pressure and returning the US to diplomacy and adherence to the JCPOA , the letter said.
Full text of the letter reads as follows:
To: President Elect Biden and the Biden administration
As experts on Iran, international relations and nonproliferation, we write to fully support the incoming Biden administration in its commitment to make a clean break from the Trump Administration's failed Iran policy and maximum pressure campaign and return the US to the diplomatic path and full compliance with the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), or Iran nuclear deal.
In 2017, President Trump inherited an enviable position on Iran. Iran's nuclear program was no longer a source of major security concern, while there was a prospect to broaden diplomatic negotiations to address pressing security concerns in Syria and Yemen. Instead, Trump unilaterally withdrew from the JCPOA over the objections of close allies while Iran was still compliant with the accord. This self-inflicted wound set the US on a destructive path with no easy offramp. The US and Iran moved to the precipice of war twice, Iran expanded its nuclear leverage to counter America's sanctions and the Iranian people were crushed between US sanctions and their own government's repression.
In short, Trump's approach has failed, and you will be left with the unenviable task of reversing his damaging policies as you simultaneously contend with domestic rancor and a deadly pandemic.
Nevertheless, it is clear to us that the most straightforward path is to move quickly to return the US and Iran to compliance with the JCPOA.
Some may argue in good faith that a Biden administration should delay its return to the negotiating table with Iran, whether out of perception that Trump's sanctions have provided additional US leverage rather than undermined our position, or a desire to avoid a political battle. However, delay will only risk codifying Trump's action not as an outlier but as carrying the imprimatur of a new administration, and cause the US to lose a last opportunity to definitively break with Trump's policy and risk allowing the window to negotiate with Iran to close entirely. It may also encourage Iran to advance its nuclear program further in a bid to enhance its own leverage, injecting crisis at the early stages of a new administration. Iran has many nuclear cards it can still play, including enriching at higher levels, limiting inspector access and withdrawing from the JCPOA and the Non-Proliferation Treaty. Moreover, if a hardline administration succeeds Hassan Rouhani as President, the task of once again diplomatically removing the threat of a nuclear-armed Iran--let alone addressing non-nuclear concerns--is likely to grow immeasurably more difficult.
Rather than see your negotiating position further erode, you should take immediate action to revive diplomatic channels. On Day 1 of your administration, we encourage you to revoke President Trump's order (National Security Policy Memorandum 11) withdrawing the US from the JCPOA and request a meeting of the Joint Commission to resolve questions of noncompliance with the accord.
Simultaneously, the U.S. should ease sanctions that have hobbled Iran's response to the COVID-19 pandemic and were designed to limit a Biden administration's options to negotiate with Iran.
Undoubtedly, reviving diplomacy will be difficult, but there is likely to be a time-bound window to save the JCPOA. Acting quickly will both serve national interests and lessen the challenges facing your administration over the long term."
Jamal Abdi, President, National Iranian American Council
Arshin Adib-Moghadam, Professor in Global Thought and Comparative Philosophies, SOAS University of London
Andrew Bacevich, President, Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft
Narges Bajoghli, Assistant Professor of Middle East Studies, School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS), Johns Hopkins University
Esfandyar Batmanghelidj, Founder and CEO, Bourse & Bazaar Foundation
Peter Beinart, City University of New York
Jeremy Ben-Ami, President, J Street
Salih Booker, President & CEO, Center for International Policy
Joseph Cirincione, Distinguished Fellow, Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft
Juan Cole, Collegiate Professor of History, University of Michigan
James Dobbins, former Assistant Secretary of State and Ambassador
Dina Esfandiary, Fellow, The Century Foundation
John Esposito, Professor of Religion and International Affairs, Georgetown University
Farideh Farhi, Affiliate Graduate Faculty, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Mark Fitzpatrick, Associate Fellow, International Institute for Strategic Studies and former deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Non-Proliferation (Acting)
Lara Friedman, President, Foundation for Middle East Peace
Nancy Gallagher, Research Professor and Director of the Center for International and Security Studies, University of Maryland
Mark Gasiorowski, Emeritus Professor of Political Science, Tulane University
Ellie Geranmayeh, Deputy Director Middle East & North Africa Programme, European Council on Foreign Relations
Behrooz Ghamari Tabrizi, Professor of Near Eastern Studies, Princeton University
John Ghazvinian, Executive Director, Middle East Center, University of Pennsylvania; Author of America and Iran: A History, 1720 to the Present
Robert J. Goldston, Professor, Princeton University.
Kevan Harris, Assistant Professor, UCLA
Nader Hashemi, Associate Professor and Director of the Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of Denver
Matthew Hoh, Senior Fellow, Center for International Policy
Robert Hunter, former US Ambassador to NATO
Rula Jebreal, Visiting Professor, University of Miami
Peter Jenkins, former British Ambassador to the IAEA
Robert Jervis, Adlai E. Stevenson Professor and Professor of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University
Derek Johnson, Chief Executive Officer, Global Zero
Bijan Khajehpour, Managing Partner, Eurasian Nexus Partners
Lawrence Korb, Senior Fellow, Center for American Progress and former Assistant Secretary of Defense
Joshua Landis, Sandra Mackey Chair in Middle East Studies and Professor, University of Oklahoma
Daniel Larison, Senior Editor, The American Conservativee
John Limbert, retired Foreign Service Officer, former deputy assistant secretary of state for Iranian affairs
John Mearsheimer, R. Wendell Harrison Distinguished Service Professor of Political Science, University of Chicago
Stephen Miles, Executive Director, Win Without War
Sanam Naraghi Anderlini, MBE, Founder/CEO, International Civil Society Action Network & Director, LSE Centre for Women, Peace, Security
Rouzbeh Parsi, Senior Lecturer, Lund University
Trita Parsi, Executive Vice President, Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft
Thomas Pickering, former Under Secretary of State and Ambassador
Paul Pillar, Non-resident Senior Fellow at the Center for Security Studies of Georgetown University
Assal Rad, Senior Research Fellow, National Iranian American Council
Djavad Salehi Isfahani, Professor of Economics, Virginia Tech
Azadeh Shahshahani, Legal & Advocacy Director, Project South; past president, National Lawyers Guild
Gary Sick, Senior Research Scholar, Columbia University and former NSC Staff member for Iran
Barbara Slavin, Director of the Future of Iran Initiative at the Atlantic Council
Yasmine Taeb, Senior Fellow, Center for International Policy
John Tierney, Executive Director, Center for Arms Control & Nonproliferation
John Tirman, Executive Director and Principal Research Scientist, MIT Center for International Studies
Frank von Hippel, Senior Research Physicist and Professor emeritus, Princeton University
Jim Walsh, Senior Research Associate, MIT
Stephen Walt, Robert and Renee Belfer Professor of International Affairs, Harvard University
Stephen Wertheim, Deputy Director of Research and Policy, Quincy Institute for Responsible Statecraft