Sample means and sample sizes of craniofacial and postcranial measurements have been collected from the literature for Homo sapiens sapiens populations of the Neolithic to modern times in various regions of the world.  The data collected are of 687 samples for males (Appendix 1) and 340 for females (Appendix 2).  Some of these samples were combined to increase their sample sizes for more exact statistical analyses, resulting in 527 male pooled samples and 206 female pooled samples.

    Besides the above samples, the craniofacial measurements of two special individuals, i.e., a male specimen, BOU-VP-16/1, of Homo sapiens idaltu from Herto, Ethiopia [160,000-154,000 years old] (White et al., 2003), and Iyeyoshi Tokugawa [1793-1853], the 12th Shogun of the Edo period in Japan (Suzuki, 1967, 1981), were used to examine the distances from the limits of craniofacial variation of Homo sapiens sapiens.  The Herto skull is the most intact among the known earliest Homo sapiens fossils, and that of Iyeyoshi Tokugawa has ultramodern features.