語源を活用した語彙増強は日本人英語学習者のみならず世界中の英語学習者や、ネイテイブまでが行なっている方法である。英語はちょうど漢字のへんやつくりのように、スペ66" face="HG明朝E" size="+2">[ ] 外へ
ex- export, extend, exit
[ ] 〜から離れて
ab- abnormal, abortion, abduct, abject
[ ] わきへ
se- seduce, segregate, separate
[ ] まわりの
peri- perimeter, period, peripheral
cir- circle, circumscribe, circulate
[ ] 間の
inter- international, intersection, interview
[ ] 別の場所や状態へ
trans- translate, transform, transplant
[ ] 貫通して、完全に
per- percolate, perfect, perform
[ ] 突き抜けた
dia- diameter, diagnal, diachronic
3)程度や性質を表したもの
[ ] 主要な
pri- prime, prince, principle
[ ] 超越
super- superior, supersonic, superpower
hyper- hypertension, hyperactive
over- overconfident, overdrink, oversleep
[ ] 一緒に、似た
co- coeducational, coexist, cohabitate
con- contact, conclude, connect
com- common, compile, company
coll- college, collect, collide
sym- symphony, sympathy, symposium
syn- synonym, sychronize, syndrome
[ ] 同等の
iso- isobar, isometric, isosceles
equi- equal, equivalent, equilateral
4)数量を表したもの
[ ] 半分
semi- semifinal, semicircle, semicolon
[ ] 一つ
mono- monorail, monopoly, monologue
uni- uniform, unification, unilateral
sol- solo, sole, solitary
[ ] 二つ
bi- bilingual, bicycle, bilateral
du- dual, duplicate, duplex
[ ] 三つ
tri- triple, triangle, tricycle
[ ] 四つ
qua- quarter, quarterly, quart
[ ] 五つ
pent- pentagon, pentagram, pentahedron
[ ] 十
dec- decade, decathlon, December
[ ] 十分の一
deci- decimal, decimeter, decimal
[ ] 百
cent- century, centimeter, centenary
[ ] 多数
multi- multilateral, multilingual, multiply
poly- Polynesia, polygamy, polytechnic
[ ] 大きい
mega- megaton, megaphone, megalopolis
macro- macroscope, macroeconomic, macrograph
[ ] 小さい
micro- microscope, microfilm, microphone
mini- miniskirt, minicar, miniature
mino- minor, minority
minu- minus, minute, minuia
[ ] 無、空
va- vacant, vacuum, vanish
neg- negate, negative, neglect
[ ] 全て
omni- omnibus, omnipotent, omnipresent
5)身体
[ ] 自身
auto- autobiography, automatic, automobile
[ ] 人
anthropo- anthropoid, anthropology, anthrophobia
[ ] 血
hemo- hemoglobin, hemophiliac, hemorrhoids
[ ] 手
manu- manual, manufacture, manuscript
[ ] 胃
gastro- gastralgia, gastritis, gastroenteritis
[ ] 心臓
cardi- cardiac, cardiograph, cardialgia
[ ] 腎臓
nephr- nephridium, nephritis, nephrosis
[ ] 肝臓
hepato- hepatic, hepatitis, hepatotoxin
[ ] 脳
cerebr- cerebellum, cerebrum, cerebritis
[ ] 歯
dent- dentist, dental, denture
接尾辞(suffix)
1)名詞を表す
[ ] 人物
-er teacher, examiner, employer
-ee employee, examinee, returnee
-or doctor, advisor, counselor
-ar liar
-ist artist, pianist, scientist
-cian musician, technician, technician
-ant accountant, attendant, giant
-ent agent, client, patient, recepient
[ ] 行為
-ion explanation, creation, conversation
-ment excitement, encouragement, improvement
[ ] 状態
-hood childhood, motherhood, brotherhood
-ship relationship, citizenship, friendship
-ness happiness, kindness, sadness
-ance appearance, assistance, hesitance
-ence competence, existence, insistence
-ency consistency, emergency, expectancy
[ ] 〜性
-ity similarity, identity, legality
[ ] 〜可能性
-bility acceptablity, reliability, possibility
[ ] 科学
-logy biology, psychology, technology
[ ] 〜炎
-itis cerebritis, sinusitis, tonsillitis
[ ] 〜主義
-ism socialism, communism, capitalism
2)動詞を表す
-en shorten, heighten, sharpen
-ize recognize, internationalize, memorize
-ify purify, intensify, classify
-ate separate, originate, formulate
3)形容詞を表す
[ ] 〜に関連した
-al international, natural, legal, imperial
[ ] 〜に関連した
-ary customary, elementary, legendary, secondary
[ ] 〜のような
-ish foolish, childish, bookish
-ic romatic, errotic, athletic
[ ] 〜でいっぱい
-ful beautiful, wonderful, hopeful
-ous famous, various, nervous
[ ] 〜が足りない
-less careless, useless, shameless, powerless
[ ] 〜を発生させる
-ive creative, negative, positive
[ ] 〜でおおわれた
-y dirty, skinny, smoky
[ ] 〜ができる
-able understandable, touchable, payable
-ible edible, tangible, credible
4)副詞を表す
-ly quickly, internationally, slowly
語根(root)
1)動作を表す
[ ] 動く
mob automobile, mobilize, mobilization
mot promote, demote, motive
mov move, movement, remove
[ ] 運ぶ
port export, import, deport
[ ] 来る
ven event, invent, prevent
[ ] 前進する
gress progress, regress, transgress
[ ] 送る
mit submit, permit, admit
[ ] 注ぐ
fuse confuse, refuse, transfuse
[ ] 押す press compress, oppress, suppress
pel compel, expel, propel
[ ] 押し開く
rupt bankrupt, corrupt, interrupt
[ ] 引く
tract attract, detract, retract
[ ] 伸ばす
tend attend, extend, pretend
[ ] 締める
strict strict, restrict, constrict
[ ] ひねる
tort distort, extort, contort
[ ] まわる
vert convert, divert, invert
verse adverse, reverse, converse
cycle recycle, motorcycle, bicycle
[ ] 投げる ject reject, project, inject
[ ] つるす pend depend, expend, suspend
[ ] 閉じる clude conclude, include, exclude
[ ] 置く pose propose, compose, expose
[ ] 立つ
stitute constitute, institute, substitute
sist consist, insist, persist
[ ] 建てる
struct construct, instruct, destruct
[ ] 保つ
tain attain, contain, detain
[ ] つかむ
ceive conceive, deceive, receive
cept accept, except, intercept
[ ] 印す
sign assign, consign, design
[ ] 殺す cide pesticide, suicide, homocide
[ ] 切る
sect section, bisect, insect
cise concise, precise, excise
[ ] 終える term term, terminate, terminal
2)感覚器に関係するもの
[ ] 感覚
sen sensitive, sensual, consent
path antipathy, pathetic, sympathy
pat compatible
[ ] 思考
intell intellectual, intelligent, intelligible
[ ] 話す
dict dictate, predict, contradict
[ ] 叫ぶ
claim exclaim, proclaim, reclaim
[ ] 声 voke invoke, provoke, revoke
[ ] 書く
scrib describe, inscribe, subscribe
scrip script, scripture
[ ] 見る spect respect, inspect, prospect, retrospect
[ ] 聴く audi audio, audit, audition, auditorium
[ ] 触れる
tach attach, attachment, detach
tact contact, intact
[ ] 生命
bio biology, biography, biotechnology
[ ] 発生
gen generate, genetic, genital
[ ] 身体
corp corporal, corpse, corporation
3)性質を表すもの
[ ] 強い
fort comfort, effort, fortify
[ ] 嬉しい
gra grateful, gratitute, congratulate
[ ] まっすぐ rect correct, direct, erect
[ ] 真実
ver veracious, verdict, verify
[ ] 法
leg legal, legislature, legitimate
[ ] 確実、承認
cert certain, certificate, certify
fid confident, infidel
4)人間社会に関するもの
[ ] 集団
soc society, sociology, socialism
[ ] 人々
pop popular, popularity, population
pub public, publish, republic
demo democracy, demography
[ ] 都市
cit citizen, city
civ civil, civilize
[ ] 統制
reg regime, reginal, regular
[ ] 自由
liber liberal, liberalize, liberty
[ ] 援助、保護
serve preserve, conserve, observe, reserve
[ ] 征服
vic convict, victory, victor
vinc convince, province
[ ] 計量
meter altimeter, barometer, thermometer
[ ] 書かれたもの
gram program, telegram, diagram
graph biograph, graphic, graphics
graphy geography, oceanography, calligraphy
[ ] 恐怖症
phobia acrophobia, agoraphobia, anthropophobia