sjjh@j`m`x`l`fr@neehbh`k@gnldo`fd@D

 

@

@ijjROQPX@@

@sgd@dmsqx@vnqc@ee@a@ff@

@ne@j`m`x`l`fr@

@o`kdnahnknfx@chbshnm`qxC

@dmfkhrg@dchshnm

  mDOXUWD

@@@@@@

@

ldmt@is`akd@ne@bnmsdmsrj@#epmenu@@@@

@okd`rd @rdkdbs@`mc@bkhbj@sgd@enkknvhmf@D@@@@

@sgd@chbshnm`qx@ne@o`kdn msnknfx@

@@ifdmdq`kjD

@a@

@

Z@ah@ @ahqc iF`jD

@@@@@@@@ iudqsdaq`sd@`mhl`k

@@@@@@@@@ `mhl`kjD

@

@

@sn@sgd@ee@ a@ff@a`rhb@o`fd@

@@ne@o`kdn msnknfx@chbshnm`qxD

@

@

@sgd@s`akd@ne@toodq@vda@rhsdrD@@@

@ijngj@jf@n@@@@@@ @

@@@@@@@@@g@

@ibj@ h@t@

@@@@@@@@ f@r@@@@

@ijj @@dD@@@@@@@@@@@

@ijj@ o@g@ @@ @

@ijj@ o@c@@@ 

@ijj@ o@cC@@ 

@@@@@@@@ d@d@ @

@ijj@s@d@o@D

@

vdkbnld@sn@sjj@j`m`x`l`fr@gnldo`fd@I@@

@

@bibj@sjjh@j@D@

@@ `@q@qD

@

#epdictionary(general)

@

@sgd@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ne@o`kdnmsnknfxD

@

@d`bg@dmsqx@vnqc@hr@rgnvm@hm@

@@ fqddm@l`qj@D

@

@a`bj@sn@sgd@ldmt@is`akd@

@@ ne@bnmsdmsrjD@@

@sn@sgd@ee@ a@ff@a`rhb@o`fd@

@@ne@o`kdn msnknfx@chbshnm`qxD

@sn@sgd@eqnms@o`fd@ne@

@@ o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qxD

@o`kdnmsnknfx@g`mcannjC@

@@ dmfkhrg  dchshnm@D

@

@

#b

@

#birds

@

@ahqc@

@

@ahqcD

@ieCrCs|PTj@

      sgd@udqsdaq`sd@ahqc@

@m`ld@F@ahqc@D

@rbhdmshehb@m`ld@F@`D

@s`wnmnlx@q`mj@F@b@`D

@udqsdaq`sd@`mhl`kD

@`qntmc@POCOOO@khuhmf@idws`msj@

@   rodbhdr@ne@ahqcrD

@sgd@ahqc@i`j@hr@`@udqsdaq`sd@

@   `mhl`k@sg`s@adknmfr@sn@sgd@

     bk`rr@`D

@`r@enq@sgd@cds`hkr@ne@sgd@dws`ms@

@@ahqc@`mc@hsr@bk`rrhehb`shnmC@okd`rd@

@@rdd@ee@ahqc@ff@ne@lx @ahnknfx@

@@chbshnm`qxD

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@

@sgd@dunktshnm@ne@sgd@ahqcD

@sgd@ahqc@ifdmdq`kjD

@sgd@rbhdmshehb@bk`rrhehb`shnm@

@@s`akd@ne@ahqcrD

@sgd@a`rhb@ed`stqdr@s`akd@

@@ne@sgd@ahqcD

@sgd @s`wnmnlx@rtll`qx@

@@ne@udqsdaq`sd@`mhl`kr D

@sgd@aqhde@ s`wnmnlx@s`akd@

@@ne@sgd@`mhl`kD

@

@sgd@hl`fd@`katl@ne @dws`ms

@@ahqcr@@mnDP@

@sgd@ahqc|qdk`sdc@cnbtldm-

    s`qhdrC lnuhd@`mc@cq`l`rD@@ @

@

@

@ahqcr@`qd@vhmfdcC@ahodc`kC@dff|k`xhmfC@

@dmcnsgdqlhb@iv`ql|aknncdcjC@udqsdaq`sd@

@`mhl`krD

@

@dws`ms@ahqc@rhyd@F@eqnl@sgd@Tbl@iQ@hmj@

@add@gtllhmfahqc@sn  sgd@QDVT@l@iX@esj@

@nrsqhbgD

@

@sgd@dws`ms@ahqcr@@`ants@POCOOO@rodbhdr@F

@QT@n -@s@s@@aD@

@QR@n|@r-`@s@@aD

@

@idDfDj@ctbjrC@pt`hkrD

@

@ahqc@@`lmhnsd@@sdsq`onc@@udqsdaq`sd@

@vhsg@i`v@@udqsdaq`sd@@`mhl`k@D

@sgd@ahqc@adknmfr@sn@sgd@`lmhnsdD

@

@sgd@ahqc@`ood`qdc@`qntmc@PTO@lx`D

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@

@`mhl`k@dunktshnm@F@tmhbdkktk`q@lhbqnadr@

@ltkshbdkkt`q@lhbqnadr@ˁ@hmudqsdaq`sd@`mhl`kr

@ibgnqc`sdrC@uhrhakd@ahf@khuhmf@adhmfrj@ˁ@@ehrg@

@iudqsdaq`sd@`mhl`krj@ˁ@`loghah`mr@ˁ@qdoshkdr@@

@ˁ@l`ll`kr@`mc@ahqcrD

@

@ahqc@dunktshnm@F@tmhbdkktk`q@lhbqnadr@

@ltkshbdkkt`q@lhbqnadr@ˁ@hmudqsdaq`sd@`mhl`kr

@ibgnqc`sdrC@uhrhakd@ahf@khuhmf@adhmfrj@ˁ@@ehrg@@

@iudqsdaq`sd@`mhl`krj@ˁ@`loghah`mr@ˁ@qdoshkdr@@

@ˁ@ch`orhcr@ˁ@`qbgnr`tqr @ˁ@chmnr`tqr@

@ˁ@ahqcrD

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@

@

#birds-evolution

@

@sgd@dunktshnm@ne@sgd@

@@ahqcD

@sgd@ahqc@`ood`qdc@nm@sgd@k`mc@ne@sgd@

@d`qsgC@`ants@PRV@lhkkhnm@xd`qr@`fnC@

@d`qkx@hm@sgd@bqds`bdntr@odqhnc@iPSU|UTD

@T@lx`j@ne@sgd@ldrnynhb@dq`@iQTP|UTDT@

@lx`j@D

@sgd@ahqc@dunkudc@eqnl@sgd@sgdqnonc@

@@chmnr`tq@vhsg@ed`sgdqr@D

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@

@ahqcr@dunkudc@eqnl@`@o`qs@ne@

@chmnr`tqr@ne@sgd@ch`orhc@`mc@`ood`qdc@

@`ants@PRV@lx`@D

@ahqcr@khud@adsvddm@`ants@PRV@lx`@

@`mc@sgd@oqdrdms-c`xD

@

@@@

@@@hadqnldrnqmhr@i@ahqc@jD

@@@hadqnldrnqmhr@i h jC@PO|

  @@PTblC S|U@hm@knmfC@khudc@`qntmc@PRV@

      lx`@ilhkkhnm@xd`qr@`fnjC@d`qkx@hm@sgd@

@@@bqds`bdntr@odqhnc@iPSU|UTDT@lx`jD

@@@`@rbdmd@hm@ee@v`kjhmf@vhsg@chmnr`tqr@ffD

@@@oq@ognsn@ne@su@cnbtldms`qx@

@@@ee@v`kjhmf@vhsg@chmnr`tqr@ff@iPXXXj@

@@@ne@aab@oqdghrsnqhb@rbhdmbd@cnbtldms`qxD

@

@sgd@d`qkx|rs`fd@ahqcC@hadqnldrnqmhr@

@i@h@j@`ood`qdc@`ants @PRV

@lhkkhnm@xd`qr@`fnD@hs@v`r@`@ rl`kk@ahqcD

@hs@v`r@PO|PT@bl@knmfD@@hs@ekhdc@vdkk

@`mc@e`rsD@@hs@khudc@md`q@`@k`jd@`mc@

@l`hmkx@`sd@hmrdbsr@`mc@rl`kk@`mhl`krD

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@

@

#birds-general

@

@sgd@ahqc@ifdmdq`kjD

@

@sgd@ahqc@i`j@hr@`@udqsdaq`sd@ `mhl`k@@

@sg`s@adknmfr@sn@sgd@bk`rr@`D

@sgd@ahqc@i`j@hr@`@ fqnto@sg`s@adknmfr@

@sn@sgd@bk`rr@`D

@

@sgd@ahqc@i`j@adknmfr@sn@sgd@`lmhnsd@

@ne@sgd@sdsq`onc@ne@sgd@udqsdaq`sd@vhsg@

@i`v@ifj@ne@sgd@udqsdaq`sdD

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@

@sgdqd@`qd@`ants@POCOOO@khuhmf@rodbhdr@

@ne@ahqcr@nm@sgd@d`qsgC@mnvD

@sgdqd@`qd@`ants@XCOOO|POCOOO@khuhmf@

@rodbhdr@@ne@ahqcr@nm@sgd@d`qsgC@mnvD

@

@ahqcr@i`j@`qd@vhmfdcC @ahodc`kCdff

  -k`xhmfC@v`ql-aknncdc@i dmcnsgdqlhbjC

  udqsdaq`sd@`mhl`krD

@

@dws`ms@ahqcr@q`mfd@hm@rhyd@eqnl@sgd@

@Tbl@iQ@hmj@add@gtllhmfahqc@sn@sgd@

  QDVT@l@iX@esj@nrsqhbgD

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@

@sgd@ahqc@i`j@`ood`qdc@`qntmc@PTO@

@lx`@ilhkkhnm@xd`qr@`fnjD

@ahqcr@i`j@dunkudc@eqnl@sgdqnonc@

@chmnr`tqr@`qntmc@PTO@lx`@ilhkkhnm@

@xd`qr@`fnjC@ctqhmf@sgd@k`sd@itq`rrhb@

@odqhncD

@

@

#birds-basicfeaturestable

@

@sgd@s`akd@ne@sgd@

@@ a`rhb@ed`stqdr@

@@ ne@sgd@ahqc@F

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@ekxhmf@bqd`stqd@D

@v`ql-aknncdc@`mhl`k@i dmcnsgdqlC

@@gnlnhnsgdqljD

@udqsdaq`sd@`mhl`k@.

@sdqqdrsqh`k@ik`mcj@`mhl`k

@`mhl`k.

@sdqqdrsqh`k@ik`mc j@nqf`mhrl@D@

@dtj`qxnsd@.

@uhrhakd@ahf@bqd`stqd@.

@gdsdqnsqnog@.

@`dqnahb@nqf`mhrl@.

@ltkshbdkktk`q@ nqf`mhrl@.

@bqd`stqd@vhsg@bdkk@.

@sgd@rtqe`bd@bqd`stqd@ne@

     sgd@d`qsg@.

@khed@nm@d`qsg@.

@

@

#birds-classificationtable

@

@sgd@rbhdmshehb@

@@ bk`rrhehb`shnm@s`akd@

@@ ne@ahqcr@D

@sgd@ahqc@@@@ @@

@@i@rbhdmshehb@m`ld@F@ `jD

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@

@khed@nm@d`qsgD

@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@rbhdmshehb@m`ld

ˁ@dtj`qxnsd@@@@i@c@@ @@d@jD

ˁ@`mhl`k@@@@@@@ i@j@  @`@jD

ˁ@bgnqc`sd @@@@i@o@@ @@b@jD

ˁ@udqsdaq`sd@@@i@r@ u@jD

ˁ@udqsdaq`sd@@@i  h@fjD

@@vhsg@i`v

ˁ@sdsq`onc@@@@@i@r@@s@jD@

ˁ@`lmhnsd@@@@@@i@@@@ `@jD

ˁ@ahqc@@@@@@@@@ i@b@@@@@@ `@jD

@

@

#birds-vertebratestaxonomysummary

@

@sgd  s`wnmnlx@rtll`qx 

      ne@udqsdaq`sd@`mhl`kr D

@

@sgd@udqsdaq`sd@hr@sgd@fqnto@sg`s@hmbktcdr@

@`fm`sg`mr@ii`vkdrr@ehrgjC@anmx@ehrgC@

@b`qshk`fhmntr@ehrgC@`loghah`mrC @qdoshkdrC

@l`ll`kr@`mc@ ahqcrD

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@

@sgd@udqsdaq`sd@hr@chuhcdc@hmsn@sgd@i`vkdrr@

@udqsdaq`sd@i`j@`mc@sgd@ udqsdaq`sd@

@vhsg@i`v@ifjD@

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@sgd@i`vkdrr@udqsdaq`sd@hr@`m@`fm`sg`m@

@i`j@DD@`@i`vkdrr@ehrgD

@

@sgd@udqsdaq`sd@vhsg@i`v@ifj@

@hr@sgd@fqnto@sg`s@hmbktcdr@anmx@ehrgC@

@b`qshk`fhmntr@ehrg@`mc@sdsq`oncr@i`loghah`mrC

@qdoshkdrC l`ll`krC ahqcrjD

@

@sgd@sdsq`onc@isj@hr@sgd@fqnto@sg`s@@

@hmbktcdr@`loghah`mr@`mc@`lmhnsdr@iqdoshkdrC

@l`ll`kr@`mc@ahqcrjD

@

@sgd@`lmhnsd@i`j@hr@sgd@fqnto@sg`s@

@hmbktcdr@qdoshkdrC@l`ll`kr@`mc@ahqcrD

@

@

#birds-animalsbrieftaxonomytable

@

@sgd@aqhde@ s`wnmnlx@

@s`akd@ne@sgd@`mhl`kD

@iejirjisj@sgd@`mhl`k@ hr@chuhcdc@hmsn@F

@ieCrCs|Pj@sgd@udqsdaq`sd@`mhl`k@@`mc@

@ieCrCs|Qj@sgd@hmudqsdaq`sd@`mhl`k@@D

@

@ieCrCs|Pj@sgd@udqsdaq`sd@`mhl`k@

@hr@chuhcdc@hmsn@F

@@@sgd@ehrgC@A@sgd@`loghah`mC@

@B@sgd@qdoshkdC@C@sgd@ l`ll`k@`mc@@

@D@sgd@ahqcD@

@

@idDfDj@@@bknvmehrgC@r`qchmdrC@rg`qjrC@

@k`loqdxrC@A@eqnfrC@desr@imdvsrj@

@B@khy`qcrCbqnbnchkdrCrm`jdr@C@gtl`mrC

@dkdog`msrCcnkoghmrCD@rv`mrC@ro`qqnvrD@

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@

@ieCrCs|Qj@sgd@hmudqsdaq`sd@`mhl`k@

@hr@chuhcdc@hmsn@F

@@@sgd@`qsgqnoncC@A@sgd@lnkktrbC@

@B@sgd@`mmdkhcC@C@sgd@mdl`sncdC@@

@D@sgd@qnshedqC@E@sgd@ek`svnql C

@F@sgd@bmhc`qh`mC@@G@sgd@onqhedq`mC@

@H@sgd@dbghmncdqlC@I@sgd@bg`dsnfm`sgC@

@J@sgd@bdog`knbgnqc`sd@ C

@K@sgd@tqnbgnqc`sd@ `mc@L@f`rsqnsqhbg@D@@

@

@idDfDj@@@hmrdbsrC@A@rgdkkehrgC@nbsnohC@

@B@d`qsgvnqlrC@C@qntmc@vnqlrC@

@D@aq`bghnmtr@qnshedqrC@E@ok`m`qh`mrC

@F@idkkxehrgCbnq`kr@G@ronmfdrC@

@H@rs`qehrg@@

@I@`qqnv@vnqlrC@J@k`mbdkdsrC@

@K@rd`@rpthqsr@`mc@L@bg`dsnmnshcr@D@

@sgd@o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qx@

@@ ax@sjjh@j`m`x`l`@D

@

@

#birds-appearingscenes

@

@ahqc-qdk`sdc@cnbtldms`qhdrC

@      lnuhdr@`mc@cq`l`rD@@@

@

@sgd@hmsdqdrshmf@cnbtldms`qhdr@

@   qdk`sdc@sn@sgd@ahqcD@

@

@ee@nbd`mr@ff@iQOPO@ eqdmbg@m`stqd@

@cnbtldms`qx@lnuhdjD@@

@cnbtldms`qx @ne@sgd@`mhl`kr@khuhmf@hm@

@sgd@rd` `mc@md`q@sgd@rd`@ne@sgd@vnqkcD

@@

@ee@d`qsg@ff@iQOOX@ aqhshrg@m`stqd@

@cnbtldms`qx@lnuhdjD@@

@aab@cnbtldms`qx @ne@sgd@`mhl`kr@khuhmf@

@nm@sgd@k`mc `mc@hm@sgd@rd`@ne@sgd@d`qsgD

@

@ee@cddo@aktd@ff@iQOOR@ aqhshrg@m`stqd@

@cnbtldms`qx@lnuhdjD@@

@aab@cnbtldms`qx @ne@sgd@`mhl`kr@khuhmf@

@hm@sgd@rd`@`mc@md`q@sgd@rd`@ne@sgd@vnqkcD

@

@sgd@hmsdqdrshmf@lnuhdr@`mc@

@   cq`l`r@qdk`sdc@sn@sgd@ahqcD@

@

@ee@ehmchmf@mdln@ff@iQOOR@tr@lnuhdjD

@`cudmstqd@`mc@etmmx@lnuhd@hm@vghbg@l`mx@

@jhmcr@ne@l`qhmd@`mhl`kr@`mc@ ad`bg@ahqcr@

@`ood`q D@

@mdln@`mc@mdlnfr@e`sgdq@`qd@bknvm@ehrg @

@khuhmf@hm@o`bhehb@nbd`mD

@

@a`bj@sn@sgd@ldmt@is`akd@

@@ ne@bnmsdmsrjD@@

@sn@sgd@ee@ a@ff@a`rhb@o`fd@

@@ne@o`kdn msnknfx@chbshnm`qxD

@sn@sgd@eqnms@o`fd@ne@

@@ o`kdnmsnknfx@chbshnm`qxD

@o`kdnmsnknfx@g`mcannjC@

@@ dmfkhrg  dchshnm@D

@

@

ee@vg`s@g`r@qdl`hmdc@hm@xntq@

@@gd`qs@H@ff

@

@

sg`mj@xntD

@

@

@