Group-Dependent
The Old Guard are extensions of their companies and feel safe and secure under the company umbrella. Safety in numbers is their motto.

Believe in Absolute Equality
The Old Guard believe in egalitarianism and the idea of ﾒpounding the nail that sticks up.ﾓ Compensation and employment conditions fit for poor performers are de facto standards and the emergence of clear losers is avoided.

Lack Self-Determination
The Old Guard lack the capacity for autonomous action and let the opinions of others determine their behavior. They have ceased to think on their own and feel no frustration as a result.

Illogical
The Old Guard ignore logic and theory and make judgments based on emotion or intuition. Furthermore, their judgments are based on myopic standards emphasizing self-benefit.

Lack Sense of Purpose
The Old Guard lack a sense of clear purpose and are heavily dependent on the group, so they never work to go beyond themselves. The Old Guard participate in gripe sessions with coworkers and accumulate negative energy.

Lack Appreciation for Knowledge
The Old Guard do not appreciate the critical significance of knowledge. They, therefore, make no effort to refine their insight or ability to judge, and do not think for themselves.
The Old Guard prefer to have decisions made by the group and to avoid responsibility.
They make judgments based only on the myopic standard of personal benefit.

Do Not Think Critically
The Old Guard believe it is improper to criticize superiors.
When associates or friends exhibit socially unacceptable behavior, the Old Guard offer no criticism. They feel that shameful acts by others in the same social group brings shame upon themselves and, therefore, try to conceal such shameful acts. Even so, in most cases they are found out and severely criticized.

Attached to Authoritarian Style and Needless Formalities
The Old Guard stress preservation of face even for those who are incompetent. They place more importance on years of service than on competence.
The company is the source of face for the Old Guard and the loss of a job also means the loss of social standing.

Like to Play the Role of Benevolent Boss
The Old Guard have a cheerful personality and are irrationally optimistic. They are liked by others because they throw around resources and show a pleasant disposition to others. The freedom with which they distribute resources is enhanced by the fact that they belong to someone else.

Focus on the Superficial
The Old Guard pursue personal fulfillment through the ownership of valuable objects.
They do not appreciate the value of the intangible.

Self-Reliant/Disciplined/True to themselves and others
Shin Nihonjin are emotionally self-reliant, self-disciplined and true to themselves and others. They are not pretentious, know their own capabilities and are confident in what they can do. They are always composed.

Free-Spirited
Shin Nihonjin do not allow themselves to be limited by organizational strictures or artificial rules; they are unlimited in their thinking and feel free to realize what they think. They are psychologically free.

Altruistic
Shin Nihonjin naturally think of the well-being of others.

Self-Responsible
Shin Nihonjin make grounded, rational judgments, and take responsibility for them.

Self-Aware
Shin Nihonjin have sound self-awareness. They can objectively identify their own strengths and weaknesses and work to extend their strengths and overcome their weaknesses.

Thoughtful
Shin Nihonjin are intellectually curious and gather information.
They make logical deductions and have the power of accurate judgment and insight.

Rational
Shin Nihonjin work toward goals in a rational manner.

Take Pride in Their Work
Shin Nihonjin take pride in their work and in the organizations of which they are a part.

Seek Internal Fulfillment
Shin Nihonjin pursue internal (spiritual) fulfillment and are spiritually rich.

Pay Little Attention to Value
The Old Guard make little effort to consider the true value of things.
They, therefore, have no sense of urgency and say no as an emotional reaction; they do not consider value objectively.
The Old Guard take the attitude that there is always tomorrow and that no action is necessary now. They ignore those who would do things differently.

Conservative, Always Require Precedents, Dogmatic, Neophobic
The Old Guard have the conviction that the status quo must not be changed and do not appreciate innovation.
They will absolutely not acknowledge positions other than their own and view Shin Nihonjin as enemies.

Opt for Expedience and Adaptation
The Old Guard never make clear distinctions or expose their actions.
They go along with the crowd and never make their own well-reasoned judgments.

Prefer the Middle Course and the Policy of Doing Nothing
The Old Guard believe fundamental change is never good.
They reject as ﾒextremeﾓ policy changes that raise questions reflecting on the responsibility of their bosses. The Old Guard trivialize reform as cosmetic initiatives.

Pursue Value
Shin Nihonjin are concerned with issues such as the meaning of ﾒvalue,ﾓ why ﾐ for what purpose ﾐ people live, how to know the difference between the real and the artificial (what ﾒsuperiorﾓ means).
They seek a value system for the public interest ﾐ one that works for the good of society.

Change-Oriented, Have a Sense of Urgency
Shin Nihonjin have the ability to understand current circumstances and have a sound sense of urgency that tells them that constant progress is necessary to avoid defeat. Shin Nihonjin look forward to change and appreciate value.

Pursue Self-Realization
Self-Realization=Ambition+Conviction+Discipline
Ambition: Shin Nihonjin are critical thinkers and are always analyzing current circumstances to achieve improvement.
Conviction: Shin Nihonjin believe that problems are absolutely solvable and face them head-on.
Discipline: Shin Nihonjin always take an objective and critical view of their own work. They are never self-congratulatory and always seek consistency with societyﾕs values.

World View

Have a Closed (=Company-Centered) World View
The Old Guard live only within the confines of the organization to which they belong.
Under the Old Guard, only a group mentality lacking in growth prospects, incapable of dealing with change, and devoid of dynamism; feudalistic systems and systems with centralized authority thrive.

Pursue Selfish Purposes, Capable of only Vague Leadership
For the Old Guard, companies exist not to pursue profits, but simply to continue their own existence.
Under the Old Guard, leaders have no real authority ﾐ in fact it is necessary that no one bear ultimate authority or responsibility ﾐ and governance is vague.
In essence, it is necessary only to focus on one-on-one relationships with the company because everyone is a follower.

Stress Primacy of Own Group
The only concern of the Old Guard is loyalty to oneﾕs own group; they are not interested in the greater good of society.
The Old Guard do not understand societyﾕs rules or the universal concept of ﾒthe market.ﾓ
Neither do they understand why partial optimization poses problems.

Oppose Organizational Change
The Old Guard have no doubts about the current status of the group and do not think critically regarding it.
Being the easiest course to take, they want to maintain the existing system.
The Old Guard stress avoidance of conflict and maintaining the status quo.

Value Suffering as a Virtue
In the face of unreasonable suffering under feudalistic circumstances, the Old Guard take no action and simply endure the situation.

Lack a Desire to Participate in Society
The Old Guard have no desire to work for the benefit of society.
They secretly doubt the psychological stability of those who participate in volunteer activities.

Have an Open World View
Shin Nihonjin move freely within open societies and organizations.
They do not quit in the face of obstacles.
They actively disseminate information.

Social Participants
Shin Nihonjin believe that people should be self-supporting and not dependent on others.
Shin Nihonjin believe that if individuals work diligently they should be able to support themselves.
Shin Nihonjin believe that individuals can support society only if they themselves are self-supporting. They ask themselves how they can best participate in society.

Socially Aware
Shin Nihonjin base their actions on a consideration of how they should pursue their lives not just within their groups, but within society.
Shin Nihonjin are concerned with what society expects from them and how society will evaluate them. They want their contribution to society to be something more than profits.

Aware of Roles in Society
Shin Nihonjin believe that businesses must fulfill some role in society.
Society requires that certain functions be performed, and Shin Nihonjin, believing that they should contribute to the performance of necessary functions that are not being performed, assist NPOs or other such organizations.

View of Organizations

Favor the Status Quo, Have no Goals
For the Old Guard, maintaining the organizationﾕs status quo comes before all else.
Activities that are out of the ordinary must not take place within the organization. Creative devices, problem identification, and rejection of the status quo are intolerable.
The Old Guard cannot imagine that there are organizations whose purpose is to pursue profits.

Lack Leadership
Incapable of role recognition, the Old Guard can neither lead nor follow. They are, therefore, incapable of autonomous action for the benefit of their organizations.

Fixated on Rank, Support Authoritarian Systems
Organizational dependence and fixation on rank are related.
The Old Guard believe that rank comes before ability. They have no qualms about being place in positions of leadership (even though they are unqualified for them), overworking staff to no purpose and wasting resources. Such people direct the work of others without committing to success, and cannot imagine that they bear responsibility for failure.

Pursue High Positions Regardless of Appearances
Focused on achieving a high position, these shameless people win the favor of those with authority in personnel matters and often gain the positions they seek.
The Old Guard feel indebted to their companies ﾐ their vehicles for sustenance ﾐ and want only to remain as passive, quiet hangers-on.

Disregard Rules and Norms
The Old Guard rationalize violations of societies rules, based on the belief that their organizations merit exceptional treatment.

Need to Form Cliques and Identify Enemies
The Old Guard spoil young colleagues in the early stages of their development.
They favor those who serve their interests as part of their efforts to create cliques and preserve their positions.
The Old Guard leech off of their organizations and never reflect on themselves.

View Organizations as Places to Work With Others
Shin Nihonjin believe that associating with others who have strengths different from their own is good.
If results are good for the organization, Shin Nihonjin can be satisfied with them, even if they receive no credit for producing them.

Build Partnerships
Shin Nihonjin give in order to gain. Shin Nihonjin share benefits in order to elicit active participation from partners.

View Organizations from the Perspective of Purpose
Shin Nihonjin believe that the purpose of organizations is to pursue goals and that to produce greater value consistent with stated goals it is rational to ignore hierarchical relationships and norms that apply only within the organization.

Respect the Societyﾕs Rules and Norms
Shin Nihonjin respect societyﾕs rules and norms as a matter of honor.

Place Society Before Organizations
Shin Nihonjin strive to apply societyﾕs rules and norms within their organizations. To get others to accept these rules and norms, Shin Nihonjin endeavor to change organizational culture and rules.

Support Market Principles and the Principles of Competition
Shin Nihonjin believe that organizations must constantly and fiercely compete with other organizations in open markets.

View of Work

Trivialize Work, Focus on Company
The Old Guard think that simply working oneself to death for the sake of the company is meaningful. Results are of no concern.
The Old Guard do not perform jobs that are unrelated to their own personal benefit.
They do not produce value by themselves and believe it is acceptable to steal credit for the value produced by others.

Trivialize the Market
The Old Guard make no effort to understand the concepts of corporations, capitalism, and market competition.

Lack Desire for Improvement
The Old Guard irrationally believe that continuing to perform their jobs in the same manner poses no problems.
They are unaware of changes in their environment and, therefore, are unlikely to feel the need to improve their skills.

Trivialize Value, Have No Desire for Knowledge, Will Not Take Initiative
The Old Guard are satisfied with simply being part of an organization. They have no desire to increase profits, create greater value, or polish their skills. They have the vague notion that performing well enough to avoid being fired is sufficient.

Organization-Focused = Lacking a Sense of Responsibility
Having no connection with customers, the Old Guard perform jobs that serve only the companyﾕs internal purposes or those of certain interested parties. If their efforts result in failure, they tell themselves that there is no problem because they did their best for the company.

View Work As Forced, Neglect Customers
The Old Guard have a passive perspective on work as something that is forced.
They have no regard for customers or society, so they are uninterested in their work. The Old Guard feel their work has no intrinsic value.

Professionalism = Desire for Knowledge
Shin Nihonjin strive to achieve professional status and continue pursuing improvement even after they have achieved it.

Confident in Their Abilities to Support Themselves
Shin Nihonjin believe that exercising their strengths should allow them to support themselves. They, therefore, are not dependent on their organizations.

See Themselves as Critical Players
Shin Nihonjin believe that opportunities will be lost if they do not personally act to take advantage of them. They are deeply committed to their jobs.

Value-Oriented
Shin Nihonjin see work is an activity for the creation of new value and believe that work that does not produce value is not ﾒworkﾓ in the true sense of the word.
Shin Nihonjin believe that they bring unique value to their jobs and that every job offers value through its performance.
As creators of value, they are able to endure, even enjoy, hardships.

Profit-Focused
Shin Nihonjin see unprofitable work as meaningless.

Work as One Member of Society
Shin Nihonjin see themselves as connected to their customers and society through their work.

Aware of Own Roles
Shin Nihonjin share an organizational vision and goals with colleagues and cooperate to achieve them.
Shin Nihonjin are aware of their positions within their organizations and regard the benefit of the entire organization as their top priority.

Exclusionist
The Old Guard support members of their own company no matter how bad they are, and reject all outsiders.
They trust only members of their own company and have no interest in others.

Group Focus = Equality of Results
In principle, the Old Guard believe that everyone within their group must have the same level of compensation (equal rewards) and that differences only lead to disharmony. To make this possible, the competent must be exploited to rescue the incompetent.

Believe in the Universality of Pettiness
The Old Guard have the unfounded belief that everyone is the same as themselves ﾐ working only for personal gain.

Slave-Driving Bosses and Submissive Employees
The Old Guard believe that direction from above is necessary to make people take action. They perceive work objectives simply as what is ordered by bosses and accepted by subordinates.
The Old Guard are sycophantic toward bosses, see colleagues as rivals and treat subordinates well or badly depending upon personal likes and dislikes.

Have a Reverence for Humanity
Shin Nihonjin are constantly searching for what it means to be human.
Shin Nihonjin accept differences (in personality, skills, resources) between themselves and others in a positive manner.
For Shin Nihonjin, forming a partnership means appreciating others and cooperating with them in pursuit of results.

Act According to Philosophy and Principles
Shin Nihonjin believe that peopleﾕs actions should be based on rules and values, not directions from others.

The Old Guard have no interest in information unrelated to their work.

The Old Guard have no interest in the world outside of their companies and do not understand the significance of networking.

The Old Guard feel absolutely no need to share their knowledge and expertise or their network of personal contacts. They also lack communication skills.

The Old Guard believe that even if they do not expand their knowledge they will be protected by their organizations and positions. They, therefore, underestimate the value of organized education and make no effort to accumulate organizational intelligence.

Shin Nihonjin have an external orientation. They have a strong interest in intangible value and seek it out.
They seize on opportunities for exposure to new things.

Shin Nihonjin actively state their opinions and invite those with different perspectives to do the same.
They openly disseminate information and take in the opinions of those with differing viewpoints.
They are not single-minded in defending their ideas and willingly modify them if they are found to be flawed.

Shin Nihonjin can develop business concepts and effectively present them.
They can do the thinking and writing necessary to convince others and are, therefore, capable of critiquing the ideas of others.

Shin Nihonjin create learning organizations and work to share knowledge with everyone.

Network Management Skills

The Old Guard understand very little about networking.
They feel that the companyﾕs continued existence makes networking with people outside the company unnecessary and are happy if all of their personal relationships are static ones in which ﾒsupervision = subjugation.ﾓ The Old Guard equate networks with collusive relationships.

The Old Guard reject all that they cannot understand. They do not think exposure to new ideas can lead to the creation of new value, so they have not polished their abilities to comprehend.

The Old Guard cannot grasp the concept of network communities and are poor at participating in networking occasions.

The nature of the Old Guard is to value collusive relationships. The Old Guard are preoccupied with long-term business partners. They are devoted to keeping relationships with these partners, highly concerned with maintaining face toward them, and use only traditional channels.

Shin Nihonjin have a solid understanding of the unique qualities of network communities.
-Open organization
-Participants are of equal status; titles are irrelevant
-Participants help one another
-Relationships are ﾒwin-winﾓ
-Participants pursue what interests them
-Individuals take it upon themselves to build valuable relationships.
-Participants are asked to commit to maintaining the community.

Shin Nihonjin develop networking skills and understand the advantage of functioning as a network node.

Shin Nihonjin build their own networks and have the skills to manage them effectively. In doing so, they:
-Create themes, goals, and a culture that all participants can embrace.
-Move decisively to exclude those who abuse the network.
-Build up the network through groundwork and sensitivity to participantsﾕ desires and concerns.

The Internet is gradually encouraging users to communicate more freely, improve their communication skills and accept the ideas of dynamic communication and win-win relationships.
For Shin Nihonjin the Internet is a mass of linked computers to be applied in dynamically creating value.

Business Mentality

The Old Guard do not sincerely believe that their mission is to make profits.
Because their priority is to further the existence of their organizations, they do not think unprofitable businesses are wasting resources.

The Old Guard do not appreciate concepts such as productivity, efficiency, and cost consciousness.

The Old Guard do not think for themselves and do not write or otherwise express themselves.
They like being the same as others. Within their organizations they want to be as indistinct as possible.

The Old Guard pay no attention to things outside of their companies, so they have no sense of urgency.
They dislike change and close their eyes to it.
They have no perspective, see only what is immediately in front of them and make no effort to open their eyes to reality.

The Old Guard take everything said by the high-ranking or powerful to be correct. They believe it is a sin to state personal opinions in meetings as that would endanger the dispersion of responsibility.

Maintenance of company profits and internal order come before customer satisfaction.
The Old Guard are concerned only with protecting their own positions and do not understand what a conflict of interest is.

Under the Old Guard, there is an organization-wide suspension of thought and lack of strategic perspective.
Additionally, there are no responsible parties within the decision-making system.

Infallibility of Authority
The Old Guard superficially treat authority figures as infallible. To support that position they also maintain a superficial stance that the organization must produce perfect results. With no concern for profits, they expend any amount of resources to maintain the face of perfection.

The Old Guard do not understand risk and dislike taking risks. Lacking the ability to deal with risk, they find it impossible to accept any risk at all.

Shin Nihonjin understand business to be the addition of value and the consequent making of profits.

Shin Nihonjin focus on economic rationality almost instinctively.
Shin Nihonjin have a solid grasp of basic economic concepts.
-ex. supply/demand curves, risk, marginal utility, trade offs, opportunity cost
Shin Nihonjin have managerial sense; they are able to apply capital to meet needs and produce profits. They understand concepts such as selection and concentration, competitive advantage, and speed.

Customer Orientation
Shin Nihonjin know their customers, continuously think of their needs and take action based on a consideration the kinds of value they should offer customers. They also improve their skills and expertise in order to offer customers continuously greater value.