「江戸城」は現在「皇居」の一部であり、東京都千代田区にあります。
“Edo-jō 江戸城 Castle” is today part of “Kōkyo 皇居 the Imperial
Palace” and is in Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo.
Some
moats and ramparts of the castle survive to this day.
The grounds
of “Edo- jō” were more extensive during “Edo-jidai 江戸時代 Period”.
1592年から「江戸城」の拡張に伴い、「日比谷入江」が埋め立てられ、外濠の内側に「大名小路」と呼ばれるエリアができました。
With the
expansion of “Edo-jo Castle” from 1592, “Hibiya-irie 日比谷入江” was reclaimed and an area called “Daimyōkōji 大名小路” was constructed inside “Soto-bori 外濠 the Outer moat”.
“Marunouchi
丸の内”, where Tokyo Station is located, means inside of “Edo-jo Castle”.
「日本武道館」などがある「北の丸公園」も「江戸城」に含まれていました。
“Kitanomaru-kōen
「江」は川または入江を意味し、「戸」は入口や港を意味すると言われています。
It is
said that “E 江” means river or bay, and “To 戸” means entrance or port.
Historically,
it is thought that there was a place called “Edo 江戸” at the end of the “Heian-jidai 平安 Period” (12th century) when “Edo-shi 江戸氏 Clan” appeared.
元々、「江戸」は「武蔵国」の小さな漁村でした。
“Edo 江戸” was originally a small fishing village in “Musashi-no-kuni 武蔵野国Province”.
Edo was
first fortified by the Edo clan, in the late twelfth century.
The
warrior “Edo Shigetsugu 江戸重継” built his
residence in what is now the “Honmaru 本丸” and “Ninomaru 二の丸” part of “Edo-jō”, around the end of the “Heian-jidai 平安時代 Period” or beginning of the “Kamakura-jidai 鎌倉時代 Period”.
As a
result of uprisings in “Kantō-chihō 関東地方 Region”, “Ōta
Dōkan 大田道灌” a retainer of the “Ōgigayatsu Uesugi 扇谷上杉氏 Clan” built “Edo-jō 江戸城Castle” in 1457.
It is “Hirayama-jiro
平山城 Hill castle” that was built in east end of the “Kōjimachi-daichi 麹町台地 Hill”.
“Edo-jō”
was placed under the rule of “Hōjō Ujitsuna 北条氏綱” of “Go-Hōjō-shi 後北条氏 Clan” in 1524.
In 1590 (Tensho 18), “Go-Hōjō-shi” was defeated by “Toyotomi Hideyoshi
豊臣秀吉” in “Odawara-seibatsu 小田原征伐 Conquest”.
As the
achievement of “Odawara-seibatsu”, “Hideyoshi Toyotomi” replaced “Tokugawa Ikuyasu”
to “Seki-hasshu 関八州 Eight eastern provinces (Kantō region) ” (“Musashi 武蔵”, “Sagami 相模”, “Kazusa 上総”, “Shimousa 下総”, “Awa 安房”, “Kōzuke 上野”, “Shimotsuke 下野”, “Hitachi 常陸”) from “Suruga 駿河”, “Mikawa 三河”, “Tōtoumi 遠江”, “Kai 甲斐”, “Shinano 信濃”.
“Tokugawa
Ieyasu
“Eastern
Army” led by “Tokugawa Ieyasu” won “Sei-gun 西軍 the Western Army” led by “Ishida Mitsunari 石田三成” in “Sekigahara-no-tatakai 関ヶ原の戦い Battle” in
1600 (Keicho 5) completely.
And in
1603 (Keicho 8), “GoYōzei-tennō 後陽成天皇 Emperor”
appointed “Tokugawa Ieyasu” as “Sei-itaishōgun 征夷大将軍 Shōgun of the Conquest”.
As a
result, “Edo-jō 江戸城 Castle” became the residence of “Shōgun”
and his family, and the location of “Bakufu”.
“Bakufu”
originally means “Tent Government” of “Shōgun 将軍 General” during the war and a temporary government that “Shōgun”
conduct politics taking the place of “Tennō 天皇 Emperor”.
However,
“Tokugawa Ieyasu” has started a large-scale construction to make “Edo” a
permanent Japanese capital.
After “Tokugawa
Ikuyasu” established “Bakufu 幕府Shogunate” in Edo
in 1603 (Keicho 8), the work ordered to many “Daimyo” is said to be “Tenka-bushin
天下普請 Construction”.
The sea
reached the present “Nishi no maru 西の丸” of “Edo-jo
Castle”.
“Bakufu”
required “Daimyōs” to supply building materials, including large stones or
finances, labors depended on the wealth of “Daimyōs”.
“Bakufu” dug “Kanda-gawa 神田川 River” through “Suruga-dai 駿河台 Hill” and cut
down “Kanda-yama 神田山 Hill” to reclaim “Hibiya Irie 日比谷入江 Bay”.
The
earth that was taken from the moats was used as landfill for sea-reclamation or
to level the ground.
And
people from all over the country settled at the new land.
The
existing Honmaru, Ninomaru, and Sannomaru areas were extended with the addition
of the Nishinomaru, Nishinomaru-shita, Fukiage, and Kitanomaru areas.
It has
become a huge castle about 16km around, with the “Soto-bori 外濠 Outer moat” and “Kanda-gawa 神田川 River” as the “Sō-gamae
総構えTotal enclosure”.
He later
defeated “Toyotomi Hideyori 豊臣秀頼”, son of
“Hideyoshi”, at “Ōsaka-no-jin 大阪の陣 the Siege of
Osaka” in 1615, and emerged as the political leader of Japan.
Most construction of “Edo-jō” started in 1593 and was completed in 1636
under Ieyasu's grandson, “Tokugawa Iemitsu 徳川家光”.
「江戸時代」を通して「徳川幕府」は軍事的な脅威を排除しつづけ、江戸の庶民は長い平和を享受しました。
Throughout
“Edo-jidai
Because
there was no devastation caused by the war, Edo was able to recover from fires
or devastating natural disasters including earthquakes and typhoons that occurred
many times.
By the
18th century, it has grown into one of the largest cities in the
world with a population of over 1 million.
But “Tennō
天皇
the Emperor” himself lived in Kyoto from 794 to 1868.