v.　Sacca Pabba (Section on Noble Truths)

a. Dukkhasacca Pabba (Section on the Noble Truth of Dukkha)

And what is the Noble Truth of dukkha? Birth is dukkha, ageing is also dukkha, death is also dukkha; sorrow, lamentation, physical pain, mental pain and anguish are also dukkha; to have to associate with those (persons or things) one dislikes is also dukkha; to be separated from those one loves or likes is also dukkha; wishing for what one cannot get is also dukkha; in short, the five aggregates of clinging are dukkha.

And what is birth? The birth, the being born, the origination, the conception, the springing into existence, the manifestation of the aggregates, and the acquisition of the sense-bases of beings in this or that class of beings. This is called birth.

And what is ageing? It is the ageing, the getting frail, the loss of teeth, the greying of hair, the wrinkling of skin; the failing of the vital force, the wearing out of the sense faculties of beings in this or that class of beings. This is called ageing.

And what is death? The departing and vanishing, the destruction, the disappearance, the death, the completion of the life span, the dissolution of the aggregates, the discarding of the body, and the destruction of the physical life-force of beings in this or that class of beings. This is called death.

And what is sorrow? The sorrow, the act of sorrowing, the sorrowful state of mind, the inward sorrow and the inward overpowering sorrow that arise because of this or that loss of relatives, or possessions or this or that painful state that one experiences. This is called sorrow.

And what is lamentation? The crying and lamenting, the act of crying and lamenting, and the state of crying and lamentation that arises because of this or that loss of relatives, or possessions or this or that painful state that one experiences.This is called lamentation.

And what is physical pain? The bodily pain and bodily unpleasantness, the painful and unpleasant feeling produced by bodily contact. This is called physical pain.

And what is mental pain? The pain in the mind and the unpleasantness in the mind, the painful and unpleasant feeling produced by mental contact. This is called mental pain.

And what is anguish? The distress and anguish and the state of distress and anguish that arises because of this or that loss of relatives, or possessions or this or that painful state that one experiences. This is called anguish.

And what is the dukkha of having to associate with those persons or things one dislikes? Having to meet, remain with, be in close contact, or intermingle, with sights, sounds, odours, tastes, tactile objects, and dhammas in this world which are undesirable, unpleasant or unenjoyable, or with those who desire one’s disadvantage, loss, discomfort, or association with danger. This is called the dukkha of having to associate with those persons or things one dislikes.

And what is the dukkha of being separated from those one loves or likes? Not being able to meet, remain with, be in close contact, or intermingle, with sights, sounds, odours, tastes, tactile objects, and dhammas in this world which are desirable, pleasant or enjoyable, or with Mother or Father or brothers or sisters or friends or companions or maternal and paternal relatives who desire one’s advantage, benefit, comfort or freedom from danger. This is called the dukkha of being separated from those one loves or likes.

And what is the dukkha of wishing for what one cannot get? In beings subject to birth and rebirth the wish arises:

“Oh that we were not subject to birth and rebirth! Oh that birth and rebirth would not happen to us!”

But this cannot happen by merely wishing. This is the dukkha of wishing for what one cannot get. In beings subject to ageing the wish arises:

“Oh that we were not subject to ageing! Oh that ageing would not happen to us! “

But this cannot happen merely by wishing. This also is the dukkha of wishing for what one cannot get.

In beings subject to illness the wish arises:

“Oh that we were not subject to illness! Oh that illness would not happen to us!”

But this cannot happen merely by wishing. This also is the dukkha of wishing for what one cannot get.

In beings subject to death the wish arises:

“Oh that we were not subject to death! Oh that death would not happen to us!”

But this cannot happen merely by wishing. This also is the dukkha of wishing for what one cannot get.

In beings subject to sorrow, lamentation, physical pain, mental pain and anguish the wish arises:

“Oh that we were not subject to sorrow, lamentation, physical pain, mental pain and anguish! Oh that sorrow, lamentation, physical pain, mental pain, and anguish would not happen to us!”

But this cannot happen merely by wishing.

This also is the dukkha of wishing for what one cannot get.

And what is meant by “In short, the five aggregates of clinging are dukkha”? They are the aggregate of corporeality, the aggregate of feeling, the aggregate of perception, the aggregate of mental formations, and the aggregate of consciousness.

These are what is meant by “In short, the five aggregates of clinging are dukkha.”

This is called the Noble Truth of dukkha.