Su{ t{|ptp ~p XIV Muwt~pt~} y}xy}u r Nup|u r Ip|yy @(13-20 y~ 2010) By~p @|uy Kpp}pxrp uut R}ut{r} r uqyzru B ytuz~-wu~z {u }p~p «Ap Kpp}pxr» pr ytpu
q|u x~pu~yu ~y «p}»
y|y «r}y~p~yu». ^ ~yu
r{|pu tr~z u~yp| u|ru{p ~u |{ r y|syu{} |p~u,
~ y r }p|~} rypu|~} |p~u. B}~y}, {stp Dur{yz
qwtpu yp|~ q|u} «|pz~s u}uzrp», uu rustp rwtpu ytu ry
p}y y r}y~p~y t| u|ru{p r turu. ^} ru~p } p «hB}y~p~yu pu
u|ru{p!h: rt x~pu~y r}y~p~y turp r ruru U.M.
Dur{s» r q~y{u r}y~p~yz y ~p~ puz p}y B.@. S~y}p~rp[1],
r {z p}u| q|u} x~py}y p}y y|y r}y~p~y r turu
t| su, rurrpu| y prp r ruru Dur{s. Oquyx~p~, wu }p~p «Ap
Kpp}pxr» pxrpyrpu ~p ~ru q|u} «|pz~s u}uzrp»,
~ut~{p~ qwtpruz r «D~ur~y{u ypu|» 1876-1877 ss. r p
tu|u K~uqusp, tyu|uz Dw~{r{y y .t. Dur{yz }upu y{y «|pz~s
u}uzrp»: «y |u~~y r { u}uzr, tu{y wu r ruz uu~y
pr|u~ ~p |pz~! Nwtp, xpqp r pwpu r y utp
turp }p~}y {py~p}y, r}y~p~y}y y~stp p}s pr|us rzrp»
(wy~z }z. – S.K. 25; 180). B } xp}up~yy ~pu r~y}p~yu
yr|u{pu p{u~yrp~yu ypu|u} r|y~y p}y, r}y~p~y ~p qt
wyx~ tuuz: «Duy r}y~p t
s|q{z py }p|tyu r, r u}uzrp, , qry~u~y,
s{yu u{y y tpwu {|y ~p ~y <c> I t|s } r
wyx~y, }wu, r wyx~, u|ru{ {|~u~ |u qry~ y uw~y |tuz,
~yus ~u r~u yx rus turp, u} q }s ~ }sy sx r}y~p~y» (p} wu). Dp|u
ypu| utuwtpu rx}w~z p~y r qtu}: «rut q|y~r-
y ~y q r wyx~ ~u t~ |y sx r}y~p~yz, p y p} sx, xppu u tpwu
~p~, {p}p~ |~u ~pqu uqu z sx r ts, q uqy uu
} r tu| y wu ~u {uwu} ptp~y, {p{ us tyu|, p |us{y}
utu}» (p} wu, {yr – ysy~p|~z, wy~z – S.K). ^y ppwy px ~p} ~p}y~p
ypy uu ~ruz Kpp}pxr, r{|p R}ut{rp. Bu ~y wtu~y
ptp yx-xp pu~~s
qpxp wyx~y p y ryp~ wy}y r px|{u }. O~y |yu~ «|~p»
u}y, ryrpuz r}y~p~yu r turu, {u Dur{yz ypu
~prru~~z z u|ru{p r {yyu{yz }}u~ wyx~y. O}uy}, r|ut xp uw~y}y
ppwp}y Dur{yz ruwtpu: «Aux xpp{r |wyu|~s y u{p~s
~u|x rty u|ru{ r wyx~ yx turp, qux xpp{r |wyu|~s y
u{p~s ~u|x {p {|u~yu r » (25; 181). ^ ~ppr|u~yu ypu| ~u}~u~~
rptpu yxru~z u @|up {p}~ uut }p|y{p}y: «H~pzu wu,
~yus ~u ru, y y|~uu, y xtruu, y |ux~uu rut t| wyx~y, {p{
uu {p{u-~yqt r}y~p~yu,
y qu~~ r~uu~~u uu yx turp, yx tyu|{s t}p. Bp} }~s
sr ryp~yu rpu, p r {p{u-~yqt p{u u{p~u, ru r}y~p~yu, p~u~~u turp,
}wu q, p}u |uu ryp~yu y u. E|y }~s ~pqp p{y
r}y~p~yz q r wyx~, pu~ u|ru{ ~p r wyx~. I tpwu u|y y t~ |{ uu r}y~p~yu
y ~p p~u r ~pu} utu, y }wu |wy {stp-~yqt ~p} r
pu~yu» (15; 195, wy~z }z. – S.K). @P rt x~pu~y p}y y|y r}y~p~y t| qy qpur, Irp~p y
@|uy, wtu~~ t~z }puy, R~y, }uuz r y }|ptu~uru ({stp
@|uu 4 stp, p Irp~ 7 |u), y ryp~~ r}uu r wz u}u ( }u~uz
}uu t 13 |u Irp~p, {stp ~ u| r p~y~ r M{r), rurrpu|
sry tu{~ {~p~. @{u~y , tuy qxp~
«q|pst~uzu} y s}p~~uzu}» P|u~r «ryp~yu} y qpxrp~yu} ~p r
wyx~», ~ r~ ~p}u{pu t~p{ ~p ~uspyr~z pp{u r}y~p~y Irp~p
ru} turu: «B tq~z p{px y turp y ~y {p ~u
rp, p qx~p |y p}u s|pr~u qu|rp. Bu}, pu},
Irp~u, q |y , ~ {p{y}- s}} y xp{ry} p} r uqu
{}, tp|u{ ~u q{y}, ~ {p{ q uu tuy |u ~y{~ry} r ,
p ~y ru-p{y r wz u}u y ~p wy }y| y u ~y
{p{z- p{z, {} tpwu y sry t~, y ., y .» (14; 15).
D| Irp~p r}y~p~yu tu{z
wyx~y, -ryty}}, {pxrpu wu|}, }p~} y ~uspyr~}, |utrpu|~,
~utz~} r}y~p~y. B |yyu Irp~p, @|up, uuwyryz p{u wu ~up~u
tur, {p{ y qp, p~y p|yru r}y~p~y }puy, «{p{ q ru|}y
{p}y yx }p{p, {p{ q rrp~~}y s|{} yx s}~z {py~»(14; 18).
Vpp{u p{s r}y~p~y @|uy xru~ |rp} pp Hy}: «Ix t}p
tyu|{s r~u |y tpsu~~u r}y~p~y, yq ~u tpsu~~uu
r}y~p~yz u|ru{p, {p{ urs turp us r t}u tyu|{}
<c.> Dp y p}s t~s
u}uzrp }s p~y r}y~p~y tpsu~~u, u|y |{ p}p tp
r q~p y{p tpsu~~u» (14; 264, wy~z }z. – S.K.). O}uy}, wp~ }p~p «Ap Kpp}pxr» r{|pu |u}u~ wp~p }u}pr. B-ur, }p~ ~pyp~ {p{
wyx~uyp~yu su @|uy 13 |u } ~pxpt r y|u r}y~p~y. Kp{
}upu . Q. Au|{~p, u}p r}y~p~y r|u r p}} ur}
ut|wu~yy urz s|pr }p~p yp~y s, }u Uutp Kpp}pxrp
uu uu y}y~pu}p uux 13 |u. I p u}p ru t |ut~uz s|pr }p~p,
~py~p |wq ru~z p}y {z~s I|y y {~p u @|uy
x~pu~yy r}y~p~y yx turp.[2] @Kp{ prut|yr {pxrpu . Au|{~p, r }p~u |wyu|~u rxp~
p}, p ~uspyr~u – xpqrp~yu}.[3] Rtqp ~ruz
utu|y|p xpqru~yu} Uut} Ppr|ryu} r{z ruru~~y. R xpqrp~yu}
@|uuz x{p D}yy ~uutru~~ rxp~ u|u~yu R}ut{rp –
qyzr p. Wu| tp~~s t{|ptp qpy r~y}p~yu
~p tq R}ut{rp r ruu s|pr~z ytuy, utu|uz wu }p~p:
«p}» y|y «r}y~p~yu». B }p~u R}ut{r ~pp|p t {~p y
ruu~~} q~{}. K x~u u|ruu{z xpq|yry y|y xpqu~~y
|y~yy @|uy – pp Hy} yp~ D}yyz, Irp~ y tpwu Uut Ppr|ry. X {ppu R}ut{rp, ~ ru} ty~{ y
{p{ p~yt |~ y{|pu yx y {sp. Su} ~u }u~uu, ruz
ru~y, R}ut{r yp| Uutp Ppr|ryp ry} }. K ~y| {
R}ut{r tqwu|pu|~, {}u Mpy K~tpur~ y uu }puy, {u
ruz p}y|yuz pyy ~rpu|u} u|ysyx~z u{ {r, y wu~
Cysy – Mp? Xu|ruu{u ~pp| r R}ut{ru {rpu uut
ypu|}y |{ r u~u pxsrp us tur{z (r s|pru «R}ut{r
sypz»). Kstp } ypu} yx~p~yu R}ut{rp uut Mpuz K~tpur~z r
ruu ~ppr|u~y, |{ px ru}s pu} Hy}z @|uu y pr} r
«D~ur~y{u ypu|» uux~} rypu|~} x~pu~yy «p}y» y|y
«r}y~p~y» t| u|ru{p r turu, tyr|u}, {p{ }w~ q| pry
s u|ru{p r p{} wp|{}, y|syu{y quxrt~}, tpr|u~~}
~yy. K r~ty| wp|{s R}ut{rp yx~uy p{yu |rp: «` q txr|y| qy uq uu r uru u}, q |y ~p ru ~u
yty rru-» (14; 204)? K yx suur-p}qyz Dur{s r{pxp|
p{yu }p~u s{yu |rp? I
{ppyu{u y|syu{u ~yu R}ut{rp rpwu~ r us
s~ur~ |rp: «` q ~p t|y yx y|up s qy|, {z q }~u
yx~u, t|u, } qux p R}utuz yxu|, p ~y r
M{ru }~u r s|pxp {p|y, tp q|pstp Cysy Bpy|ury
uu|x|-» (p} wu). Dsp rpw~p q|u}p – ~u~yu Cysy
{p{ p { ru} yu}~} ~ R}ut{r. @}uy{p~{yz u~z B|pty}y
C|uz~ u{p~ p~p|yxyu ~pu~yu r{z ruru~~y Cysy y
{pxrpu, py~ Cysyz ry~ru~ r qyzru Uutp Ppr|ryp.[4] Cysyz – |sp, ru~z
xy~, y, -ryty}}, u~z, rutz, u|ysyx~z u|ru{, tpu
ypu| rup|u~yu, us u~{u R}ut{rp }w~ tru. Np p}} wu tu|u, py{, xp}up~y
rurrpu|, «}p~z, s|z, y }z ux~u»(14; 13), {pxp|
s~yu|u} R}ut{rp. Cysyz u{p| }p|y{p r ~uq|pstp~y y tpwu
«q|~ ~p{pxp| us xsz» xp p~~ ys }urz {{z (14; 114). @
} ~ {qy| y ~yxy| uqu~{p, } r |y qyr u} |rp: « ~u
u|ru{, yx qp~~z }{ xpru|, r {c» (p} wu). P |rp}
rurrpu|, «R}ut{r, {p{ {pxp| r|utryy, ~y{stp ~u }s
y u} y |r». B ru} xp~yz ru~~z yyy Cysyz,
{q|u~~z ~uwytp~~} r} tru~ptpy|u~us }~s }p|y{p,
«~uyr tpy| u~y{p u{u». ^ |wy| ~pp| ptuz R}ut{rp. B R}ut{ru tu{~, «~ q| p~ ~u|ty} y }|p|yr. Nu
q ty{ y|y us-~yqt ty|, ~u, pp{u} ~ q|, ~pyr,
~pt}u~u~ y {p{ qt ru uxyp|» (p} wu). N tt rurrpu| {
R}ut{r tp|u{ pr{s typ|syu{s ~u~y { su y tpu
ypu|} rup|u~yu, {p{ qt pp{u su ututu|u~ tqz yx-xp
~u~}p|~s wtu~y. R}ut{r r ru} uu yr ututu|u~y
ruz tq, qpx ~y{~ }yr} up. B-ur, ~ ~u u|
r| ~p ru, r-r, ~ ~u~pryty Qy, } ru
uxu~yu} sr us }puy – Lyxpruu R}utuz: «ty|p ~p {|~} ~p
s|ru, p q|p rus tr py~ }p|}»(14;
204). B ux|pu ~ qwpu Np|u~p y wp|uu, p~x ~u {y|y
{y r 1812 st. Ru} quwp yx Qyy,
R}ut{r p}u|~ ry| «p~x{yu r{pq|». O~ }upu up yx
R{ys~ur{p y { r M{ru {pu-up~. O~ ~u qux ~rp~y
rppu ry} rp{y} p|p~} («P} sr| uyp|~, p ~y
ty~ yx ~y r M{ru, {}u y~p~ur, ~u }wu tp uyp|~» – 14; 205) y
uxypu D}yy: «D}yyz Uutry
wu r{s |p{u y rutu~yu}, y }}, y ~yuz ru-, y ~yus
~ ~u }uu tu|p, p ~pyr, ru u~» (p} wu). E|y }u s|pxp}y
R}ut{rp ~p }y r{s ~us, |utu yx~p xp ~y} pr ~p p{
st~, } uty suur }p~p |{ ~ -~pu} xp~
pqz. B } }|u y~uu~p p P. U{y~p «Np {~u R}ut{rp».
@r pp{uyxu rp{ pq R}ut{rp {p{ «rur»: «I, {p{, ru, ~ rru uq g{||uszh Asp,
~uu, ~ – gp~y-Du}ysh, } r |yyu tsy tw~y{r, pqpy }puyp|p}y
~usp~yu{s ywtu~y, uwtu u} gy~yh - ru, rp
t|wu~ ~ywy ~u{u ru~yu qwyu»[5]. Sp{r{p P. U{y~p u~ y~uu~p y
qutyu|~p, u} ~u }u~uu, q, us utu|u~yu uyy rpp
yrty { y{yrp~y }yrp ututu|u~~y tq r |y~y
R}ut{rp. B tuzryu|~y, R}ut{r, t rus ~ywu~~s
|wu~y y u yr y| ututu|u~~y, rustp pu
~puu{ w} rxs|t ~p ~us. Ptu{~ r ~u} q|ux~u~~
y|~ }w~ yp up{yuz ~p } pypy ruz p}y|yuz,
y}|syu{y rxp~~z |r} «}utu». R}ut{r {p{ p{rz, }w~ {pxp, utpr|u qz rpw~uzyz t|
Dur{s y |y~y su «t|~s p}x~p~y». B } }|u,
}~u t}pu, uxrpz~ rpw~p y~pt|uw~ R}ut{rp { u{u {r,
tp~ |y ~p}u{} y rxp~ |{ us r~u~: «O~ rts
{p{- ~uqpz~ pu|, ru} tpwu ~upx}u~ rxp} }y|,
wu|u|, p| ty ~p {p» (14; 115), «{u{u, u |y us
p| {p{ qt p{y} }p|u~{y}»(15; 43), « s~ur} y rpu~yu} s|tu| ~
(Irp~. – S. K. ) ~p {u{ yy yxy~}y R}ut{rp xpup~~} suqu{}»
(14; 243). P{|{ R}ut{r ty| rus
ywtu~y qut~z }puy r ux|pu ~py|y ~pt ~uz pxrp~y{p, ~u
tyryu|~, r p}yp~y y ~uyx~ { pxrp |{~|y
R}ut{rp r u{ {r, rut, {p{ yxru~, pty{p|~z p{uyx} {r
r|| up{yuz ~p |rz p~pyx} u{ |r. E|y y~ ut|wu~yu, }w~ ruwtp tp|u, s|pr~p
yy~p uqyzrp xp{|pu ~u |{ r }upyxyu{} r|y~yy Irp~p
(«rv xr|u~»), {|{ r p{{}|yrp~~z R}ut{rp xppu~~z
~u~pryy { rr. K~u~, r }~s|z~z wu~z {u }p~p
|utu p}pyrp }yr qyzrp r }~wuru~~} |p~u: y r yp|~}, y r }upyxyu{}, y r yp|syu{}, y{xyu~yp|~-p~|sy- u{} |p~u. ` u| q qpy r~y}p~yu ~p p{, y| rurrp~y
~u~y { R}ut{r rustp pp{uyxu r~u~uz qu{yr~ y
ryu} uuwyrp~y ~u~y { su. I p}u s|pr~u, tpwu
@|up us rustp~uz «t}y~p~z» ~p tss ~y{stp ~y qppu uux~s
r~y}p~y ~p qut~s R}ut{rp, ~u r{pxrpu u|ruu{s ~u~y { ~u}.
P{|{ ~y{ y~z, {p{ @|up t|p| s{u yx~p~yu R}ut{rp uut
Mpuz K~tpur~z, pyrpu, }up| @|uu xpq y|y
ys~yrp R}ut{rp y p r ruu~~} }|p~yy ~u}, yt yx
ruz r{z ytuz~z xyyy,
{ ~ rutrp| }p|y{p} r y~p|u }p~p rpw~}
rypu|~} x~pu~yy «r}y~p~y y p}y» r turu? Nuwu|y @|up
xpq| ppw yx u~y pp Hy}: «N su p}} yuqyry} uq ~p
xu}|u, su p}qyzp}! M|, wu ~up~uu y y ~u }wu q
~y{s. Cu, u{ ~p}, y qsp }|y, y u{r ~pw~ y {p{ q y
ruspu, ~ }| r pz~u ty }uz, }w~ q y xp y }|y. Hp
|qr ~u uty rut Vy. O p{r r~u~~ r r wyx~ }|y|,
yrut rp} r }, y yu|y, tp y ~~u ~p r{ tu~ }|» (14;
293) ? @|up, ur} x~pr p}qyzru R}ut{rp Mpy K~tpur~ y
yquwpr ~uz ~p }u psutyy, qpu Irp~ q }, ~u rpwp ~y{p{z
qru~~z u|ruu{z up{yy ~p |yruu, p xpqy |{ py
qp. P|u sp||y~pyy y uy x~p~y Irp~} @|up }|y| Myu y
r p~y q Irp~u: «Hpp, }|y| Myu y q Irp~u. E} p~ry|p
~~ q|ux~ Irp~p: «hM{y sts uu~y, s|q{p ru!<c>
As quty!h – t}p| ~. – gI|y rp~u r ruu prt, y|y csyq~u r
~u~pryy, } uqu y ru} xp , |wy| }, r ~u ruyh –
s{ yqpry| @|uu y }|y| xp Irp~p»(15; 89). Nu ty{y}y~py |y ~ @|uy ~u~y { R}ut{r,
pryrus s{ xpy{: «Iuq| r wyx~ ru qru~~ r|uz y
z, q ~y{s ~u ry~y»(15; 85)? I {p{ r rxy y} p}pyrp
{ut @|uy x~pu~y «r}y~p~y y p}y» t| u|ru{p tp uu r ruu
u~y pp Hy}? Mw~ {pxp, , @|up xpq| {p D}yy
r {yyu{yz }}u~ y us ys~yrp~yu R}ut{rp {p{ rus rx}w~s
qpp, |wy| yy~z up|yxpyy uqyzrp. B } }|u @|up
ry~rp. @|up r }p~u, rup ru s|pr~ suur y r {puru ut~y{p
{rp y ypy ypu|, y}uu rpw~ rurrpu|~ ~{y. Su} ~u
}u~uu rup us R}ut{r} r ~y ~y px ~u |p. @|up
~u y~uuu tqz R}ut{rp. B rurrpu|~} y|u p{pxy{p, pryrus ruz u| ~pyp
wyx~uyp~yu @|uy y pxtu|us y~uu ~y} { tsy}, qpx R}ut{rp
~u rupu yx~y. Mupyu{yu pr~u~y R}ut{rp
}wy{}-«xupu|u}» r {py~u Kp}{s y Bp|pp}rz |yuz |wp t|
p{u~yrp~y tr~z }yyu{z p~~y R}ut{rp |{ r~u~uz
{y xu~y. Dp|u rurrp~yu R}ut{ru pxrurpu r {s
y~u||u{p|~s |p~p Irp~p, y R}ut{r pp{uyxu y|y trz~y{}, y|y
yu~y{}, y|y {py{pz, y|y u~ ytuy Irp~p y|y }up}xz up.
P }u{} xp}up~y N. A.
Qsrz, Irp~ ~u ryty r R}ut{ru «s p}s g}p|sh, uqu~{p, tu{yu
|ux {s rxrp r ~u}, r us tu q~u, wuu~~u ~ustrp~yu» (
19; 196) [6]. Sp{y} qpx}, r|utryu u~y u|ruu{z up|~y R}ut{rp yx
rurrpu|~s xu~y ~u tr|uru |~u~~ p}z s|pr~z ytuy
r }p~u, tu{|pyu}z @|uuz y pu} Hy}z. Pyx| |y yx
uyu{s qpwu~y prp-tw~y{p Dur{s, {z t {~p
wyx~y p}pyrp| ru q|u} r y ~yu|~y, y|y yx ~uut|y}s
ty~p~p }uwt uy{z y }p|~} u~yu} ypu|? ^ r,
ru~, {ppu p}z ~y y{y Dur{s, y uqu q|uu s|q{yz
p~p|yx. |
[1] Sub Specie tolerantiae. Pp}y B.@ S~y}p~rp. I~- .|y Q@N. RPA: Np{p, 2008. R. 110-117.
[2] Belknap R.L. The Genesis of The Brothers Karamazov. Northwestern Univ. Press, 1990. Q. 79-80.
[3] i-bid. Q. 82.
[4] Goldstein. V. Accidental Families and
Surrogate Fathers: Richard, Grigory and Smerdyakov /Edited by R.L. Jackson.
Northwestern Univ. Press. 2004. Q.
90-106.
[5] P.U{y~. Np {~u R}ut{rp //
Dur{yz y }yrp {|p. 17.
M., 2003. R.402-403.
[6] N.A.Qsrp. Itu tr~s «uurp» y «qprp»
r }p~u «Ap Kpp}pxr» //.
Dur{yz y }yrp {|p 19.
RPq, 2003. R.196.