Lyup~-}u}yp|~z }xuz U.M. Dur{s
Ayq|yu{p
@|}p~pp «Dur{yz y }yrp {|p» Ky~yp S. @~|sy y y{p rurp Dur{s. Rq~y{
puz. Puty|ryu B.S~y}p~rp. Rp~{-Puuqs:
Ruuq~z ru{, 2005 — 208 . PO^SIK@
DORSOEBRKOCO B SBOQXERSBE `PONRKIV PIR@SELEJ US@A@S^` RIM^` I N@WTM^ ROR^KI P|u 1868 s., {stp {~y|p uru{rp yx|y `~yy, xpty|p ~{p |yupp ~rs ru}u~y, ~p { q|u r|y~yu {pxp|p {p {|pyu{p |yupp XIX r. B 1887 s. r w~p|~} }yu ry| ypu| y uurty{ {z |yup Upqpz Ry}z
(1864\1909). Es ru{p tuu|~ y}u|p
s}~u x~pu~yu t| tp|~uzus pxryy ~{z |yup. Es urz {z uurtp {z |yup q| ~u{yz uurt Cs|, pryz ~uq|y{rp~~} y ~up~yryz (tpwu ~uyxru~, {p{u y}u~~ q| yxrutu~yu, uru ruy, Upqpz uuru| «N»).
Hpu} Upqpz uuru| }p~ Ssu~urp «O y tuy», y tpwu q| q|y{rp~ qr|u~yu ~ y ~ ~uyxru~z yy~u (u ruy, yx q|u} u~pqu|~y) q|y{rp~ ~u q|. B|ut xp y}, r 1888 s., Upqpz q|y{rp|
r qru~~} uurtu trp p{pxp Ssu~urp \
«Rrytp~yu» y «Sy ruy». Pq|y{py y
uurt~ pq Upqp ypu q|y} qyu} r
yyy ~{z |yup ~rs ru}u~y. B-ur, r y uurtp ~ ry| y|yyu{y}
~rp}, u}p} ru}u~~s
~{s |yup~s x{p. B-r, {p ytp, prp~yu {z q| q|uu uutp~
uurty{}, r p~y, {pp {s |up, p~rp, ys
rup y u~y ~p |yru tuurur, {|p
~p} s|pxp ~p {p yt urup ruz qru~~z p~. Upqpz Ry}z
q| ~u |{ xp}upu|~} uurty{}, ~ y ru|y{y} ypu|u}. Es ru «P|ruu q|p{», ~pyp~~p r 1889 s. y ypp {~} qyu} ~{z |yup, {|p ~r r yyy ru}u~~z ~{z x. Qp{pxrp q yyy xtp~y ruy, ~ yx~prp| r|y~yu Dur{s y C~prp. B p~y, Upqpz }y~p|
}p~ C~prp «Oqr», ruwtp, y}u~~
yxrutu~yu t{pxp| u} u}: ytuz~u |{~ru~yu
~rs y ps. Eu q|uu s|q{u r|y~yu {pxp| ~p Upqp Dur{yz, {s ~{yz ypu| xpy}rrp| pr{yz tt { yxqpwu~y u~pwuz. O }. ~p{|{
s|q{ Upqpz ~y{ ~ y{y Dur{s, rytuu|r us |rp }, Dur{yz y Ssu~ur ytuwyrp yr|w~ rxs|tr ~p yp~yu u|ru{p: urz py}y|yu suu}, . u., pr pu r~y u~pwp; rz wu ~pty r~u u~pwp y ~y { ~u} q|uu y|y }u~uu {yyu{y. P yx~p~y Upqp, us {p{ ypu| q|uu yr|u{pu pr{p py}y|y u~pwu} r tu Dur{s, t~p{ y } ~pt yxqusp ux}u~s |yyx}p.1. ^ }~u~yu
~{s ypu| y{u Dur{s xr~ |rp} p{ptu}y{p D. R. Lypurp. O~yu|~ Ssu~urp ~ xp}upu: «Qp{pxy{ {p{ q pty| uut ypu|u} r
rqpwpu}u tq~u {u|
(~u}~s qpru~~u, \ ty}, Ssu~urp) y ~py~p| ru
rurrp~yu, x~p us ~pp| y {~u. @r {p{ q ut|psp| ypu| |p rurrp~yu, r {} p} pr xp~y}p| ~ y ~utryw~ xyy rytuu|
|yrus, p{pxrpus
}, yx| wu, wu y}u| rz {~u».2. P }~u~y p{ptu}y{p Lypurp, xyy rurrpu|uz Dur{s y~yyp|~ y~p. «B s|p y u~pwuz (spxt pu, u} }~sy tsy prr) xry s| p}s Dur{s.
Bxxu~y Dur{s }w~ u r |rp Hy}, Buy|rp, Irp~p Kpp}pxrp, Rprsy~p, M{y~p y t. E|y y |y~yx}, |y~yx} |yyu{s
yxrutu~y \ |y~yx},
ty~u~~z rpwu~y pr{y rr, }|uz y }|uz-rr <...> A|pstp p{}
rwu~y prp r uy, {y, wtu~y
tuzry |y p}y ys prp y us rurrpu| rp
tp|u{ ~u u|yr».3. Ip{, px p} Upqpz yx~prp|, ru
«P|ruu q|p{» ~pyp~p t r|y~yu} Dur{s, qu} p~ry,
{p{ ry| r } yxrutu~yy uyyu{yz pr{yz tt {s ypu|. «P|ruu q|p{» y yx u puz. C|pr~z suz \ }|tz y~r~y{ A~tx, ~utpr~ r|u~~z yx
tupp}u~p r tu pt}y~ypyr~z u}. Ot~p{
{pu~y ~u trus us |wyru Nq.
M|tu |ty {~p~ y pp{u, y tqu: A~tx xp}{~, swu~ r uq; Nq
wu ru}p qyu|u~ y y}uu xptp{y |r{s
{puyp. Npy~pu }p~ yp~y s|{y yu|uz |t~z |yu. Buu, ~y rxrpp |wq. Kpy, r z u~u xp}u~ r|y~yu
Cs| \ yxtp yx «Nur{s u{p», stu |p qyrp~p ~pq{p}y
tu|~ r~u~y u:
«qp{u~qpt», «», «|p», «|pu», «p|y», «{prp» y . . S~ p{u wu yp~yu q|y{p
| rupu} } r ~pp|~}
yxtu ruy Upqp. @r ~} uup
uuy|u px|y~z } , |p, qy~{y, q{y y uu. Dp|uu «uu» ~y{pu r
{}~p A~tx \ ~ {rpyu r u}u tty, wyru trt~z uz O-Rz y uu }pu. B O-Rz r|q|u~ A~tx, y tur{p
rupu u} y}pyuz. Ot~p{, |u s {p{ }|tz u|ru{ uu }u, {~p O-Mpp, }p tur{y, uwtu
q|ps{|~~p { pwyrp~y} A~tx, ~py~pu
tprp utu~yu {puy Nq, {z
p~ry r t}u p} su}. Hp}{~ry r uqu, A~tx uupu {ytp
r {}~p, y|yrpu { y pxsrp} y
~py~pu uxp }~u~y}y: p{ |y w ~y
{ ~u} ~? Kpuy Nq uu |yuru t| A~tx qpx rpsp. E} tpwu
{pwu, Nq pu q|px~y us |qy}. Kstp wu O-Mpp
ruu A~tx yqus~ { }y Nq, q t{p
}u, ~u~pry A~tx tyspu
~pyruz uu~y. Oqpx }|uz A~tx, ypus uq u|ru{} u~}, tyryu|~ w
pwtu~y}y s-~p C|t{y~p. A~tx ~u wu|pu ~ywu~~ u}{p uut {puy} Nq, {s r
r uut }w~ pr~y C|t{y~}-}|pty}. Duzryu|~, ~u~y }uwt A~tx
y Nq ~p}y~p rxpy}rx trz~y{r Dur{s. C-~ C|t{y~ rxrpu }y ~p ry rpsr \ y A~tx p {ytrpu
rus ~utsp x|q~} rxs|t}. R~pp|p rurrpu| ~pty
{p{ q t} ry} suu}, {}}u~yu
(tp y~yu{y) us {y; xpu} |rp prp ru pu
uu}uwp }~|sp}y p}s su. ^ yty r rz |ry~u ruy. @r p} ruwtp|, y}u~~ r z py r|y~yu Dur{s pu
qu~~ y|~. A~tx ytup|yxyu r |qy} O-Rz,
|psp, | }~p y q|pst~p
tur{p rt |y }wu |qy quu~s y |yrs Nq, ~ r wu ru}
uux~ qu{y, ~p ptu r uy Nq. Tquwtu~~z r }, |qp
us tur{p }|y y rru ~
p{ wu, {p{ ~, A~tx xprty O-Rz pxsr ~p u}. Ot~p{ {pxrpu, , ru{y us }up}, O-Rz ~y { ~u} ru}p |t~. M|tz
u|ru{ qry~u tur{ r yx}u~u, p ~p
r r uut {u us r yx|y~uz }upu|~y. Htu ~ |uwyrp u A~tx, t~yu us su}y Dur{s: t~z ~, r ~y ux}u~
pxry p}x~p~yu, p~ry y~y{} ~~ }u~yz;
tsz \ ~y }upu|~ y wyr r }yu
sux, stu ru ury ut|urp qux tp. I}u~~ p{yu |w~u rrp r|ptu A~tx
|u pxrp O-Rz. O~ ~u pxruy| r ~uz, ~pyr, ~ ypu
ry} t|s} py uu Nq. Py yp~yy r~u~~us ~y su r tp~~z }}u~ pr y|xu p{
~pxrpu} ~uqru~~ } u. Npy}u: «Nu|x pr| uu r p{}
~yy. P{p ~u xt~, ~pt
qty uu t. K }wu O-Rz r }?<c> S|{ ~, A~tx.
P ~ ~u p{ w }u~, ~ ru-p{y x~p~yz y p ~us q|u, u} O-Rz. E|y w
~uqty}, q {- {| uz s|pxp,
, {}u ~us, tu|p ~u{}<...> N tp|u rxtr tu| ~u ytu, yq y ru} wu|p~yy py O-Rz A~tx ~u x~pu, {p{ uu
pp. „X tu|p?" \ pyrpu ~ uq }~s px ~p t~, ~ r pu qux
rup, y ~yu A~tx }w~
rpxy t~y}-uty~ru~~} |r}: „~utr|uru~~".
Vu {uz ~uu yxqpry, ~ pt{ quxtuzru, y r}u ~us pp|u quxtuw~p p~pxy:
uut s|pxp}y utpu pt~p
{py~p wu pu~~z O-Rz, q pu~y p{ y ~u q| utu|u~».4. Ptq~z y| {yu y|utrpu|y Dur{s yp yy~} t| s ypu|. O }utu rurrp~y uus |yp
Dur{s M. C. Cys|r yu: «R|r prp y
|r s|pr~s su ~u tu|u~ ts
tsp ux{z sp~ y uurz { rqt~ uu~y ypu| yx |p qus
rurrp~y r t su y yx ~uu
r~r r {|u r~u~y qyz» 5 @. S. `str{p, p~p|yxy ~pp| }p~p «Pu|u~yu y ~p{pxp~yu», yu: «C|p p{pxy{p y su pxtry~ |~ <...>, q|ywp y, ~u |yrp t {~p, xrp r ~y~».6.. @r «P|rus q|p{p» r~ y}yyu }p~u y}p «Pu|u~y y
~p{pxp~y». Eu qty tu~} S{yz{s
y~yp y~p~~ x{r, ~ u|
}p~ -{y y r|utryy {~|yrp| rus
tsp Tyt Qp~p,
ruru uurutus «Pu|u~yu y ~p{pxp~yu» ~p
~{yz x{ \ p~s|yz{s yxtp~y r 1892 s. Sp{y} qpx}, r ruru Upqp pxy|
r|y~yu y{y Dur{s. N r `~yy
ptyy~~ y~ yp ru «P|ruu
q|p{» ~utp~z, s|pr~} qpx} yx-xp {s y~p|p. Duzryu|~, suz ruy, A~tx, p{
y ~u yty ~y { {p{} uu~y, uu}u~~ x~prp |w~ up|~z tuzryu|~y,
rptp r {pz~ }upu|~. N p}p ~uxpruu~~, ~pu} }~u~y,
yqupu utu|u~~ }~sx~pyu|~, u|y
p}pyrp uu r ruu y{y Dur{s. R| tp~ ~pztu~~, yp ~p y{ Dur{s }p~u rurrp~y Upqp
~u}~u~~ ~p|utrp| y ypu| Np} R{y
(1867\1916). B , {stp wy|y y ry|y trp y ypu|, r
~{z |yupu ~r~} ru{y} }ut} yp| ~pp|yx}. Ot~p{ ~y Upqp, ~y Np} ~pp|yx} ~u yr|u{p|. E|y r|xrp
|rp}y M. M. Apy~p Dur{}, y q|u y~uurp|
«p}x~p~yu, {p{ twuru~~p t}y~p~p
r u~yy qpxp su».7.. I
{~u~ wu, qp ypu| |{~|y q|u}z, {p{ p{ pp{u
suur, ~u tu|p y qu{p}y ~~us ~pq|tu~y. B } ~ppr|u~yy Np} R{y tuzrrp| q|uu u|uu}|u~~, u} Upqpz. Bt |y }w~ sry }}, ~uutru~~} r|y~yy Dur{s ~p Np} \ |y{} w {
r{pxrp| ~{yz ypu|
Dur{}. Ot~p{ yxru~ us pr~u~yu rus qru~~s ~y
|u wu|s yp (Np} ptp| xrz
wu|t{p) u~y}y r ru} ypt{p y ~p{p~~u }u~z {px~y ~p pu, yp~~}y Dur{y}. Np} yu~yrp| r p~s|yz{z |yupu y tpwu ~pyp| ~uz
q|z p{p. Np r z pqu y~uuu p p p{pp, stu ypu|
pwtpu {pu~yy p~y
}uwt u~pwp}y y ypu|}y. ^ s|prp t ~pxrp~yu} «O p~yy». P }~u~y Np}, uru trp yp
|yup~ yxrutu~yz r xpryy}y ~u~y prp { ry}
su}. O~ ~pxrpu y y: «{yyu{u
rur» y «ptpu|~u rur». P us ruwtu~y, r «{yyu{} ruru» pr ~y { su} rus yxrutu~y {yyu{y, p~ }uwt qz y y}y utu|u~~ typ~y. ^ q y}p }wu q prtp~
|y stp, {stp ypu|
utpr|u qz |y~, r|u pryu} r q|py x~p~y, pwtu~y y ~pq|tu~y, {stp ypu| y|z rus }purp }wu {pxrp ~p ypu|
utu|u~~u rxtuzryu. Npyr, r «ptpu|~} ruru» pr |r~ |~
{pxrpu qru~~s «», ~uu, rpwpu us, ruu~~ |yry u~pwu}. I~pu sr,
}uwt pr} y us su}y ~u
uru ~y{p{s p~y. Rptp ry} su}, pr {p{ q |~ ~y}y py}y|yu.
Pypu| ~u u~yrpu rus su,
~ tuzru r}uu ~y}. Kstp ptp~yu { su | wu ru|y{,
{p{ ptp~yu { p}} uqu, pr {p{ q yuxpu, y ru|yyrpu
}y~p|~u rxtuzryu yxrutu~y ~p ypu|. Ptq~ }ut|sy Np} ~u sp~yyrpu
p}{p}y |yup~s rurp. O~ |pspu,
uu }w~ ~uy y { rxs|t ypu| ~p u|ru{p rqu, ~p }y, y~pu sr \ { }yrxxu~y. @r{yz tt rs yp Np}
~pxrpu «y|{y} |{rp~yu}
typ~yy», r yr|w~ «}p|yyu{} |{rp~y typ~yy» r
ttu urs yp. Ot~p{ {~uy «y|{s |{rp~y» Np} ~u pxrpyrpu, |p ~p ~usr~.8. R|utu xp}uy, ~{yu ypu|y Upqpz
y Np}, p{ wu {p{ Dur{yz, p xpurp qpx prp r yxrutu~yy ~u yx
p{yu{y, p yx p~y|{y qpwu~yz,
. u. ytuwyrp ytuy typ|syu{s
~u~y { u|ru{ y }y, {pxrp
tty { |t}, {p{ { qu{p} ~~us ~pq|tu~y. @~p|yxy rur Np}, }w~ xp}uy,
r ytu ~ r|y| ~p p{y{u, r p~y
r y|syy «Puut pxt~y{} pr~tu~ry» (1912),
«P~y{» (1913), «Rutu» (1914). C|pr~ suur y
ruuz t~y t~p qp up: ru ~y uxp }~u~y}y rt rxpy}~y ruz |qry y|y wu }p ur~. B y yxrutu~y rurrp~yu
rutu ~u rurutus prp,
p |yp {p{s-~yqt u~pwp \ tsp, }|ptus qpp, ypu| s|pr~s su. Bu} y} yy u {purp, {u
}up| suur-p{pxy{r Dur{s M. C. Cys|r:
~y }|t, wyr r q|} stu,
ty~{y, |yu~ {p{s-|yq quru~~s
|wu~y, {|~~ { }upu|~y y . t. O~y |{ {~y|y ~yruyu y ~y}p r
qux~ptuw~ { ~pzy ru }u
r } quru. (^
pwpu up|~ ypy s
ru}u~y.) N r~u~~u y suy rqt~. R|r~ ~y {pxp| Cys|r:
«...ru ~y |p~u, t{y, r~y}pu|~u ~pq|tpu|y».9.. I ru suy-p{pxy{y, yrp
ptp~y s|pr~s su, r}uu u}
~uutru~~ pr r pxryyy wup. Bx}u}, { y}u, ru «Rutu» y tq~uu q~y} uu {. Prurrp~yu rutu |yp }|ts u|ru{p, r}y~pus rup py} rpyu}, {z rxrp| ~uttu|~u ryu~yu p{pxy{p. B xp{|yu|~z py ruy ypu| x~p{}y ut}u~} y}}-yrut s|pr~s su, ~pyp~~} uut p}qyzr}, @ ~py~pu ru p{: «` rustp xrp| s u|ru{p „R~z".
B y xtu qt ~pxrp us p{ wu, p ~u us
~py} y}u~u} <...> Sp{ t| }u~ uuru~~uz. Ry }~u r}~y s u|ru{p, y px u {pxp „R~z"»(5)10. P-~{y «~z» x~ppu «yu|»,
«~ppr~y{», rpwpu}z u|ru{ y uq|u
r qpu~yy. Su} p}} uutpu ~u~yu p{pxy{p { s|pr~} su, typ|syu{u truyu|~u qpu~yu { ~u} ~p «».
M|tz u|ru{ p{ yrpu ru ~u~yu { R~:
«N ty| { R~ ~u t|
s, q us yxp <...> Ruzp }~u {pwu, ~y{stp ~u ru| uq q|uu tz~, u} stp. P}- y }y ~u~y R~u} |wy|y p{y}y u|}y y tq}y. E|y q r }p|z uu~y ~y| { ~u} |qr} y|utrpu|, rxrprp ~p ~y ptp~y ~uu}u~~ urp|p q <...> R~z u~ q| p qu{} |t~s ~pq|tu~y».(17) T R~ q|p pz~p, {rpu}p y} tpwu
|qy}z wu~. B tu~u{yu st ~ ~y}p|
{}~p xz{y, t r|utryy r|p xp ~us xp}w. O~ ut|wy| ru} ts \ qut~} tu~ \ u|y r}uu. I rx~y{ |w~z y|syu{yz {~|y{ r{s tuy xz{y. Ds R~,
u|ru{ u|ysyx~z, yu{s {|ptp, yx~p| rpy r }, pz~
y }yu|~ |qy tur{, ~u xp}up,
p} wu r ~uu r|q|u~. C|pr~z suz, {rp ry yy~~u
rrp, qu| ts} wu{, qry~y|
us r ~pu~yy qru~~ }p|~ y~yr y tru| t y|syu{s rp. Nu rtuwpr tur~
}{, ts {~y| qz. Sp{
s|pr~z suz tuwp| qut r |qr~} uty~{u. ^p pz~p p{rpu r ut}u~} y}u-yruty, pr|u~~}
p{pxy{. Prurrp~yu |yp p{pxy{p rutu r }u}p~} y|u, qpu~ yx ~pus r |u,
{p{ p qrpu
Dur{s. M|tz u|ru{ ruru rupu R~u}
|u} ~p }~s|t~} }{}
|wu. ^p u~p ~p}y~pu ru Qp{|~y{rp Mp}u|ptr}, ~py~p |rp}y: «Arp y~u ruy, ruu~~ tpwu ~ux~p{}}y ~p}
|t}y, {}y } ~py~pu}
y~uurp urs rxs|tp, {p{- rts, r~uxp~, uwtu u} {pwu} |r» (6, 12). M|t} u|ru{ y p}} ~u~~, u} us xpy~uurp| R~z ({py, yp~yu R~ ru \ ~p}
~uyxru~, {|{ u} |u, {p{ ~ rs|ty). I
urp rup yx|p r }u, {stp qp |prp|y. P
~pu u|ru{ ~utruyrz y ~uqyu|~z R~z rrrp|
uq q|uu p{rp~~ r rqt~z }{z yyy y urz qpy| { }|t} u|ru{. O~y
pxsry|y. Sp{ ~p p|
~prup R~, wyrus
rtru} wu~z. Qp{pxy{, {} {p{ }u}py wu yxru~p
yy~~-|utru~~p rx {r R~, r uu rurrp~y ~u y|xu r {}uu~~ rux~pus prp. O~ pu |y usyp} xpspt~ |r y {r s|pr~s su, {z
rxrpu ~us y{u~~uu rryu y ptp~yu. Spz~p R~
xp{|pu r }, {pwtz }u r |~}
ty~uru ~ upu }sy| tsp. B }~s}
{y R~ {pw p{pxy{ ~uwytp~~}y. I}u~~ } r uy rurrpu| p{ p r| |rp «rts», «r~uxp~», «~uwytp~~» y } tq~u. S wu p}u
}w~ {pxp y q yruty s|pr~s su. B us y}u-yruty {y {z~s tsp utp {p{ uutp ~uwytp~~uz. B uy p{pxy{p ~p 25
p~yp ~uq|s }pp |rp, rpwpyu r~uxp~, rup 11
px; p r yruty s|pr~s su ~p
35 p~yp tq~ |r 24. Htu ~
|uwyrpu rx }p~} «Pu|u~yu y ~p{pxp~yu». M~u utpr|u, y {yz, y ~{yz
ypu|y ry~y}p|y u|ru{p ~u
ur}, tuzry {s q|r|u~ yy~~-|utru~~z rx, p rqt~z, {z |y~.
D| ruy ~{s ypu|, p{ wu {p{ y t| }p~p Dur{s,
ru}p pp{u~ }|u~yu ypyy
p{}, ~py}u: «Suu, {stp R~z }u, p| ~...»(11); «r|utryy }u utrryu |~
truty|<...>»(15); «{stp uu q ru} } t}p, }~u {pwu<...>»(17); « ruz
}|ty y ~u~y ~u }s ~ }|p, {z {| r us |rp<...>»(19) y uu. B
«Pu|u~yy y ~p{pxp~yy» }
ypu}: «B|utryy, {stp ~ y}y~p| ru} y rv, |y| ~y} r y t~y...» (6, 50), «B|utryy Qp{|~y{r |y| {p{- x~p...» (6,
52), «P} wu, px}| q }, r}~y| ~, ...» (6, 73), «M~su ~ } y}~y|» (6, 92) y . t. Rpr~u~yu ruy Np} y }p~p Dur{s
xr|u tu|p rrt tru~~} pp{uu p~y|yy qy ypu|uz: uu ~r pr|u ptp~yu { u|ru{. Oqp tp utu~yu typ|syu{z }u qu~y u~pwp}y, . u. up pr{
py}y|y ~uxy}} typ~yrp~yu}
ry suur. Np} R{y ypu p}} |~} uty
~{y ypu|uz ~rs ru}u~y, Dur{yz
wu r `~yy y ~~u pu p}} yxru~} yx
{|py{r }yrz |yup. My qy y ypu|uz { ypu|. Qp~yu }uwt ypu|u} y su}y {pu~ t }y~y}}p, u} qru rrutu~yu ys p{pxy{p y
p}p~u~yu prp. Py}upu|~, r `~yy Np}
y Dur{} y ~u |{
|yuprutu{yu, ~ y q|yyyu{yu,
y|{yu, u|ysyx~u, yypyu{yu y y~u y|utrp~y.
Vtwuru~~u }y Np} y Dur{s
rxtuzr ~p }, utu, rqpwu~yu ypu|, qwtp { tuu|~}
py r tywu~yy uty~ ~prru~~
u|uz. PQIMEX@NI` |
1.Upqpz Ry}z Dx~ (P|~. q. .) r 9 . Ixt-r Irp~p}y-v~, S{y, 1965, .5, R.165
2. Lypur D. R Lyupp \ up|~ \
|yupp. L.. 1984. R. 90.
4. Upqpz Ry}z. T{px. Dx~ (P|~. q. .). 1964, S.1, R.147-148
5 Cys|r M. C. Sy|sy
p{pxy{r p~~us Dur{s (1845\1865 ss.) //Dur{yz: Mpuyp| y y|utrp~y.
L., 1988.
S.8. R. 5.
6.. `str{p @. S. Oqpx y }|
ut}u~s }yp r }p~p U. M. Dur{s //Sy|sy {s up|yx}p
rz |ry~ XIX ru{p. M., 1979. R. 138
7.. Apy~ M. M. Pq|u}
y{y Dur{s. M., 1979. R. 67.
8. Np} R{y Dx~ (P|~. q. .) r 35 . Ixt-r Irp~p}y- v~, S{y, 1957, S.18,
R.301-302
9.. Cys|r M. C. T{px. {~ys. R. 15.
10. Np} R{y. T{px. Dx~ (P|~. q. .) r 35 . 1956, S.12,
Rp~y yp yx s yxrutu~y {pxrp r {~u yp r {q{p.